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●直角坐标到极坐标的变换 Z X= rsinecosφ(1) x-tV+Z y=rsinesind (2) cose=z(x2+y+22) 2(5) e z=rose tgφ=y/x 0(ar)o,(00a,(0)a x ax Or( Ox 80 Ox ag (4)式对x求偏导,并按(1)式代入 2 2x=2rsin 0 cos g or =sin 0 cos(7 (5)对x求偏导,将(3)(1)(4)代入, sin 0 3/2 (2x 00 cos 0 cos o (8 rcos6. rsin 0 cos小r sin 8 cos 8 cos o●直角坐标到极坐标的变换               +           +           =   x r x x r x  2 2x 2rsin  cos x r r  = =        x=rsincos (1) y=rsinsin (2) z=rcos (3) r 2=x2+y2+z2 (4) cos=z/(x 2+y2+z2 ) 1/2 (5) tg=y/x (6) (4)式对x求偏导,并按(1)式代入, = sin  cos (7)    x r (5)对x求偏导,将(3)(1)(4)代入, ( ) (2 ) 2 1 sin 2 2 2 3/ 2 z x y z x x −  + +      = −   −   3 cos sin cos − = −r  r   r r sin  cos cos = − (8) cos cos x r    =    x y z e 0   r z x y
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