E.All of the above 49.During a routine health maintenance examination of a 40-year-old man a stool guaiac test result was positive (occult blood in the stool).A follow-up sigmoidoscopy showed a 1.5 cm circumscribed,pedunculated mass on a short stalk,located in the upper rectum.Which of the following terms best describes the lesion? C.Hamartoma D.Melanoma E.Sarcoma 50.An epidemiologic study investigates the potential cellular molecular alterations that may contribute to the development of cancers in a population Molecular data from resected colonic lesions show changes involved in the evolution of a sporadic colonic adenoma into an invasive carcinoma.Which of the following best describes the mechanism producing these changes?() A.Extensive regeneration of tissues inereases the risk of cancer-causing mutations B.Inherited defects in DNA repair genes increase the susceptibility to develop cancer C.Malignant transformation involves accumulation of mutations in otooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in a step-wise fashi verexpression of growth factor receptor genes are associated with poo prognosis. E.Protooncogenes can be activated by chromosomal translocation IIX-Type question (10 questions.One point per question) Directions:Each question below contains four suggested answers.Choose the response to each question. 51.Effects of Thrombus may be( A.Occlusion of vascular B.Embolish C.Deformity of heart valve D.Widespread hemorrhage 52.The granuloma may be seen in the following diseases. A.pulmo ary tuberculosis B.typhoid fever C.syphilis D.nasal polyp E. All of the above 49. During a routine health maintenance examination of a 40-year-old man a stool guaiac test result was positive (occult blood in the stool). A follow-up sigmoidoscopy showed a 1.5 cm circumscribed, pedunculated mass on a short stalk, located in the upper rectum. Which of the following terms best describes the lesion?（ ） A. Adenoma B. Dysplasia C. Hamartoma D. Melanoma E. Sarcoma 50. An epidemiologic study investigates the potential cellular molecular alterations that may contribute to the development of cancers in a population. Molecular data from resected colonic lesions show changes involved in the evolution of a sporadic colonic adenoma into an invasive carcinoma. Which of the following best describes the mechanism producing these changes?（ ） A. Extensive regeneration of tissues increases the risk of cancer-causing mutations B. Inherited defects in DNA repair genes increase the susceptibility to develop cancer C. Malignant transformation involves accumulation of mutations in protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in a step-wise fashion D. Overexpression of growth factor receptor genes are associated with poor prognosis. E. Protooncogenes can be activated by chromosomal translocation Ⅲ X-Type question（10 questions. One point per question） Directions: Each question below contains four suggested answers. Choose the response to each question. 51.Effects of Thrombus may be( ) A. Occlusion of vascular B. Embolish C. Deformity of heart valves D. Widespread hemorrhage 52. The granuloma may be seen in the following diseases. ( ) A. pulmonary tuberculosis B. typhoid fever C. syphilis D. nasal polyp