1/26/2016 Botulinal Types Incidence and Treatment of Botulism ·Type A toxin Infant botulism:C.botulinum growing in -Fatality:60-70%.food was only tasted,not swallowed the intestines of infants due to a lack of -Heat-resistant and proteolytic intestinal microbiota Type B toxin -Associated with honey -Fatality:25% .Wound botulism:growth of C.botulinum in ·Type E toxin wounds -Produced by organisms in marine and lake sediments Treatment with respiratory assistance and -Less heat-resistant than other strains antitoxins Diagnosed by inoculating immunized mice with Prevented with proper canning and the use patient samples of nitrites in foods Viral Diseases of the Nervous Poliomyelitis System Caused by the poliovirus Learning Objectives Transmitted by the ingestion of water containing feces containing the virus Discuss the epidemiology of poliomyelitis and Initial symptoms:sore throat and nausea rabies,including mode of transmission, etiology,and disease symptoms. Viremia may occur:enters the CNS -One percent of cases become paralytic Compare the Salk and Sabin polio vaccines. -Destruction of motor cells Compare the preexposure and postexposure -Virus replicates in the motor nerve cells leading to cell death treatments for rabies. -Death from respiratory failure Postpolio syndrome:muscle weakness occurring decades after infection 1/26/2016 7 Botulinal Types • Type A toxin – Fatality: 60–70%, food was only tasted, not swallowed – H t ea -resi t t d t l ti istant and proteolytic • Type B toxin – Fatality: 25% • Type E toxin – Produced by organisms in marine and lake sediments – Less heat-resistant than other strains • Diagnosed by inoculating immunized mice with patient samples Incidence and Treatment of Botulism • Infant botulism: C. botulinum growing in the intestines of infants due to a lack of intestinal microbiota – Associated with honey • Wound botulism: growth of C. botulinum in wounds • Treatment w reatment w th resp ratory ass stance and ith respiratory assistance and antitoxins • Prevented with proper canning and the use of nitrites in foods Viral Diseases of the Nervous System Learning Objectives Discuss the epidemiology of poliomyelitis and rabies, including mode of transmission, etiology, and disease symptoms. Compare the Salk and Sabin polio vaccines. Compare the preexposure and postexposure treatments for rabies. Poliomyelitis • Caused by the poliovirus • Transmitted by the ingestion of water containing feces containing the virus • Initial symptoms: sore throat and nausea • Viremia may occur; enters the CNS – One percent of cases become paralytic – Destruction of motor cells – Virus replicates in the motor nerve cells leading to cell death – Death from respiratory failure • Postpolio syndrome: muscle weakness occurring decades after infection