1/26/2016 Tetanus An advanced case of tetanus Prevented by vaccination with a tetanus toxoid (DTaP) Stimulates antibodies that neutralize the toxin -Booster required every 10 years Fewer than 50 cases per year Mortality of 25-50% Treatment with tetanus immune globulin (TIG) Infected tissue removed via surgery to minimize the production of more toxin Botulism Caused by Clostridium botulinum -Gram-positive,endospore-forming,obligate anderobe -Found in soil and aquatic settings Intoxication comes from ingesting the botulinal exoToxIn -Specific for the synaptic end of the nerve Death usually comes from respiratory or cardiac failure A form of food poisoning 61/26/2016 6 Tetanus • Prevented by vaccination with a tetanus toxoid (DTaP) – Stimulates antibodies that neutralize the toxin – Booster required every 10 years • Fewer than 50 cases per year – Mortality of 25–50% • Treatment with tetanus immune globulin (TIG) • Infected tissue removed via surgery to minimize the production of more toxin • Once the toxin has attached to the nerves, therapy is of little use. An advanced case of tetanus Botulism • Caused by Clostridium botulinum – Gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe – Found in soil and aquatic settings • Intoxication comes from ingesting the botulinal exotoxin – Specific for the synaptic end of the nerve – Bl cks l s f th n u t nsmitt Blocks release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, causing flaccid paralysis • Death usually comes from respiratory or cardiac failure • A form of food poisoning