O The Classical Theory aims to make linguistics a science 2 The Standard Theory deals with how semantics should be studied in a linguistics theory SThe Extended Standard Theory focuses discussion on language universals and universal grammar 4 The Revised Extended Standard Theory (or GB)focuses discussion on government and binding 6 The latest is the Minimalist Program, a further revision of the previous thed 2. The Innateness Hypothesis 1)Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with what he calls a LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE (LAD), which is a unique kind of knowledge that fits them for language learning. he argues that childre en are born with knowledge of the basic grammatical relations and categories, and this knowledge is universal. And the study of language can throw some light on the nature of the human mind. This approach to language is a reaction against behaviourism in psychology and empiricism in philosophy, making linguistics a branch of psychology 2)Chomsky's INNATENESS HYPOTHESIS is based on his observations that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately. 3)Chomsky argues that LAD probably consists of three elements: a hypothesis-make linguistic universal, and an evaluation procedure 3. Generative grammar 1)By the notion of GENERATIVE GRAMMAR, Chomsky simply means "a system of rules that in some explicit and well-defined way assigns structural descriptions to sentences 2)Chomsky believes that"every speaker of a language has mastered and internalized a generative grammar that expresses his knowledge of his language. A generative grammar does not describe one language as an end, but as a means to explore the universal rules in the hope of revealing human cognitive systems and the essential nature of human beings 3)Chomsky puts forward three different levels to evaluate grammars on. They are the OBSERVATIONAL ADEQUACY level, the DESCRIPTIVE ADEQUACY level, and the EXPLANATORY ADEQUACY level 4)Chomsky insists on the HYPOTHESIS-DEDUCTION method and his research is called evaluation process. TG method can not only describe the surface structure of a sentence, but also interpret the internal grammatical relationships within a sentence 4. The classical theor 1)The Classical Theory is characterized by three features: emphasis on generative ability of language:@2 introduction of transformational rules; and 3 grammatical description regardless of meaning 2)Chomsky puts forward three kinds of grammar: finite state grammar, phrase structure grammar, and transformational gI O A finite state grammar is the simplest type of grammar which, with a finite amount of paratus, can generate an infinite number of sentences 2 The PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR, the second model put forward by Chomsky consists solely of phrase-structure(PS)rules that formalize some of the traditional insights of constituent structure analysis. The phrase structure rules are showed on the page of 330) Here, take "S- NP+ VP for example. The arrow means"can be rewritten as". Phrase4 ① The Classical Theory aims to make linguistics a science. ② The Standard Theory deals with how semantics should be studied in a linguistics theory. ③The Extended Standard Theory focuses discussion on language universals and universal grammar. ④ The Revised Extended Standard Theory (or GB) focuses discussion on government and binding ⑤ The latest is the Minimalist Program, a further revision of the previous theory. 2. The Innateness Hypothesis 1) Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with what he calls a LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE (LAD), which is a unique kind of knowledge that fits them for language learning. He argues that children are born with knowledge of the basic grammatical relations and categories, and this knowledge is universal. And the study of language can throw some light on the nature of the human mind. This approach to language is a reaction against behaviourism in psychology and empiricism in philosophy, making linguistics a branch of psychology. 2) Chomsky’s INNATENESS HYPOTHESIS is based on his observations that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately. 3) Chomsky argues that LAD probably consists of three elements: a hypothesis-maker, linguistic universal, and an evaluation procedure. 3. Generative Grammar 1) By the notion of GENERATIVE GRAMMAR, Chomsky simply means “a system of rules that in some explicit and well-defined way assigns structural descriptions to sentences”. 2) Chomsky believes that “every speaker of a language has mastered and internalized a generative grammar that expresses his knowledge of his language.” A generative grammar does not describe one language as an end, but as a means to explore the universal rules in the hope of revealing human cognitive systems and the essential nature of human beings. 3) Chomsky puts forward three different levels to evaluate grammars on. They are the OBSERVATIONAL ADEQUACY level, the DESCRIPTIVE ADEQUACY level, and the EXPLANATORY ADEQUACY level. 4) Chomsky insists on the HYPOTHESIS-DEDUCTION method and his research is called evaluation process. TG method can not only describe the surface structure of a sentence, but also interpret the internal grammatical relationships within a sentence. 4. The Classical Theory 1) The Classical Theory is characterized by three features: ① emphasis on generative ability of language; ② introduction of transformational rules; and ③ grammatical description regardless of meaning 2) Chomsky puts forward three kinds of grammar: finite state grammar, phrase structure grammar, and transformational grammar. ① A finite state grammar is the simplest type of grammar which, with a finite amount of apparatus, can generate an infinite number of sentences………………. ② The PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR, the second model put forward by Chomsky, consists solely of phrase-structure (PS) rules that formalize some of the traditional insights of constituent structure analysis.(The phrase structure rules are showed on the page of 330) Here, take “S → NP + VP” for example.The arrow means “can be rewritten as”. Phrase