meaning to information, relating it to something abstract(Baddeley: 1990 Goodhead: 1999) Information Loss: There are three main theories as to why we forget from our STM (1) Displacement--existing information placed by rly nformation when the storage capacity is full (Waugh and Norman: 1965) (2)Decay--information decays over time (Baddeley, Thompson and Buchanan (3)Interference--other information present in the storage at the same time distorts the original information(Keppel and Underwood: 1962) Retrieval: there are modes of retrieval of information from stm: (1) Serial search--items in StM are exam ined one at a time until the desired information is retrieved(Sternberg: 1966) (2) Activation-dependence on activation of the particular item reaching a critical point(Monsell: 1979, Goodhead: 1999) 2. Tactics of memorizing information-Visualization 2. 1 General principles of memory in interpretation over-all comprehension of the original speech --categorizing omparison/contrast -noticing the time-markers or spatial parameters --description of a scene 22 Visualization形象化记忆 This is to visual ize what the speaker is saying in interpretation. It is applicable to the retaining of information in such speech types as narration description and introduction. The following is an example given by roderick Jones:(1998:34) Hurricane Henry moved moved into northern florid a early yesterd ay morni demolished less sturdy ones. In coastal areas many boats were submerged by the 10 meter swell. while others were beached and left stranded with their hulls ripped open (飓风亨利昨天早晨抵达佛罗里达州北部,近50万人被迫撤离。飓风 时速200公里,飓风所到之处,树木被连根拔起,屋顶被掀翻,部分 不够坚固的房屋被彻底摧毁。在沿海地区,许多船只葬身于10米高的 巨浪,其他船只则在岸边搁浅,船体破裂。)12 meaning to information, relating it to something abstract (Baddeley:1990, Goodhead:1999) Information Loss: There are three main theories as to why we forget from our STM: (1) Displacement—existing information is replaced by newly received information when the storage capacity is full (Waugh and Norman:1965) (2) Decay—information decays over time (Baddeley, Thompson and Buchanan, 1975). (3) Interference—other information present in the storage at the same time distorts the original information (Keppel and Underwood:1962). Retrieval: There are modes of retrieval of information from STM: (1) Serial search—items in S TM are examined one at a time until the desired information is retrieved (Sternberg:1966). (2) Activation—dependence on activation of the particular item reaching a critical point (Monsell:1979, Goodhead:1999). 2. Tactics of memorizing information--Visualization 2.1 General principles of memory in interpretation --over-all comprehension of the original speech --categorizing --comparison/contrast --noticing the time-markers or spatial parameters --description of a scene 2.2 Visualization 形象化记忆 This is to visualize what the speaker is saying in interpretation. It is applicable to the retaining of information in such speech types as narration, description and introduction. The following is an example given by Roderick Jones: (1998:34） Hurricane Henry moved into northern Florida early yesterday morning. Nearly half a million people have had to be evacuated as the 200 km per hour winds uprooted trees, tore roofs off some houses and completely demolished less sturdy ones. In coastal areas many boats were submerged by the 10 meter swell, while others were beached and left stranded with their hulls ripped open. （飓风亨利昨天早晨抵达佛罗里达州北部，近 50 万人被迫撤离。飓风 时速 200 公里，飓风所到之处，树木被连根拔起，屋顶被掀翻，部分 不够坚固的房屋被彻底摧毁。在沿海地区，许多船只葬身于 10 米高的 巨浪，其他船只则在岸边搁浅，船体破裂。）