Changes in trade policies: 1.trade shifted away from the former Soviet Union and East European countries toward Western countries. 2.Emphasis was placed on upgrading domestic industry through introducing foreign technology and attracting foreign direct investment. 3.The recognizable trend of these changes was toward trade and investment liberalization. V.重点讲解 概念讲解 capital equipment 资本设备 balance of payment 国际收支 current account 经常项目 visible trade 有形贸易 invisible trade 无形贸易 capital account 资本项目 课文讲解 课本上所列Notes to the Text以及Questions on Content and Language points (for preview,discussion and review)也属重点讲解之列，但在这儿省略。 1.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country's industrialization program which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. 本句中请注意过去分词required for the country's industrialization program' 作定语，修饰the capital equipment”;另外，“which”所引导的定语从句修 饰的是the country's industrialization program”。 【参考译文】在20世纪五十年代期间，中国向（前）苏联和东欧各国出 口农产品以换取制成品和国家以发展重工业为重的工业化Changes in trade policies: 1. trade shifted away from the former Soviet Union and East European countries toward Western countries. 2. Emphasis was placed on upgrading domestic industry through introducing foreign technology and attracting foreign direct investment. 3. The recognizable trend of these changes was toward trade and investment liberalization. V. 重点讲解 概念讲解 capital equipment 资本设备 balance of payment 国际收支 current account 经常项目 visible trade 有形贸易 invisible trade 无形贸易 capital account 资本项目 课文讲解 课本上所列 Notes to the Text 以及 Questions on Content and Language points (for preview, discussion and review)也属重点讲解之列，但在这儿省略。 1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialization program which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. 本句中请注意过去分词“required for the country’s industrialization program” 作定语，修饰“the capital equipment”；另外，“which”所引导的定语从句修 饰的是“the country’s industrialization program”。 【参考译文】在 20 世纪五十年代期间，中国向（前）苏联和东欧各国出 口农产品以换取制成品和国家以发展重工业为重的工业化