第二单元 China in the Market Place L教学目的 使学生了解外贸和国际投资领域最基本的概念和术语，从而为日后的学习打 下良好基础：使学生初步掌握基本的阅读技巧，如总结、浏览和寻找段落的 主题句等；使学生熟悉本课常用的一些练习方式，如翻译、解释、讨论和口 头演示等：使学生掌握与中国经济贸易有关的一些术语。 Ⅱ.教学计划 由于是全书第一课，考虑到学生对这类文章比较陌生，因此本课计划用4小 时：介绍背景知识、难点、重点知识、课文串讲等用时2~3小时：讨论、课 堂练习1~2小时。 Ⅲ教学方法 讲解（传授新知识[口授法]）和课堂练习（巩固知识技能[探讨研究法）相结 合。讲解时突出重点、难点。课堂练习要充分调动学生的积极性，其形式和 内容服从教学目的。练习的主要形式是： ◆ Translation Paraphrasing ◆ Summarizing Discussion ■ Questions and answers IV.背景知识 Through reform and opening to the outside world,China entered a new era in the late 1970s.Though the world was then still under the cold war regime, changes did occur in China's foreign trade,both in the commodity structure and in the trad ing partnership
第二单元 China in the Market Place I. 教学目的 使学生了解外贸和国际投资领域最基本的概念和术语，从而为日后的学习打 下良好基础；使学生初步掌握基本的阅读技巧，如总结、浏览和寻找段落的 主题句等； 使学生熟悉本课常用的一些练习方式，如翻译、解释、讨论和口 头演示等；使学生掌握与中国经济贸易有关的一些术语。 II. 教学计划 由于是全书第一课，考虑到学生对这类文章比较陌生，因此本课计划用 4 小 时：介绍背景知识、难点、重点知识、课文串讲等用时 2~3 小时；讨论、课 堂练习 1~2 小时。 III.教学方法 讲解（传授新知识[口授法]）和课堂练习（巩固知识技能[探讨研究法）相结 合。讲解时突出重点、难点。课堂练习要充分调动学生的积极性，其形式和 内容服从教学目的。练习的主要形式是： ◼ Translation ◼ Paraphrasing ◼ Summarizing ◼ Discussion ◼ Questions and answers IV. 背景知识 Through reform and opening to the outside world, China entered a new era in the late 1970s. Though the world was then still under the cold war regime, changes did occur in China’s foreign trade, both in the commodity structure and in the trading partnership
Changes in trade policies: 1.trade shifted away from the former Soviet Union and East European countries toward Western countries. 2.Emphasis was placed on upgrading domestic industry through introducing foreign technology and attracting foreign direct investment. 3.The recognizable trend of these changes was toward trade and investment liberalization. V.重点讲解 概念讲解 capital equipment 资本设备 balance of payment 国际收支 current account 经常项目 visible trade 有形贸易 invisible trade 无形贸易 capital account 资本项目 课文讲解 课本上所列Notes to the Text以及Questions on Content and Language points (for preview,discussion and review)也属重点讲解之列，但在这儿省略。 1.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country's industrialization program which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. 本句中请注意过去分词required for the country's industrialization program' 作定语，修饰the capital equipment”;另外，“which”所引导的定语从句修 饰的是the country's industrialization program”。 【参考译文】在20世纪五十年代期间，中国向（前）苏联和东欧各国出 口农产品以换取制成品和国家以发展重工业为重的工业化
Changes in trade policies: 1. trade shifted away from the former Soviet Union and East European countries toward Western countries. 2. Emphasis was placed on upgrading domestic industry through introducing foreign technology and attracting foreign direct investment. 3. The recognizable trend of these changes was toward trade and investment liberalization. V. 重点讲解 概念讲解 capital equipment 资本设备 balance of payment 国际收支 current account 经常项目 visible trade 有形贸易 invisible trade 无形贸易 capital account 资本项目 课文讲解 课本上所列 Notes to the Text 以及 Questions on Content and Language points (for preview, discussion and review)也属重点讲解之列，但在这儿省略。 1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialization program which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. 本句中请注意过去分词“required for the country’s industrialization program” 作定语，修饰“the capital equipment”；另外，“which”所引导的定语从句修 饰的是“the country’s industrialization program”。 【参考译文】在 20 世纪五十年代期间，中国向（前）苏联和东欧各国出 口农产品以换取制成品和国家以发展重工业为重的工业化
进程中所需的资本设备。 2.The growth of foreign trade was disrupted again during the Cultural Revolution (1966-76)when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious. “when”所引导的从句是定语从句而非状语从句，它修饰的是during the Cultural Revolution”。 【参考译文】外贸的发展在文化大革命期间再次被中断，当时工农业生产 急剧下降，交通的制约问题更加严重。 3.Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1987 placing undue strain on the national economy. 本句的主干是：“Official recognition.had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1987"."that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy”修饰“Official recognition”;“placing undue strain on the national economy”为现在分词短语，表结果。 【参考译文】官方认为外国技术能在中国经济现代化中起重大作用，这使 得1987年进口上升了50%以上，从而给国民经济施加了过 重的压力。 4.Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry,but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication,not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West. 请注意the need is for.,not for..”的结构。“as”所引导的是状语从句，表 示“象.一样”。 【参考译文】中国官员强调将先进技术引入到国内工业的重要性，但（中
进程中所需的资本设备。 2. The growth of foreign trade was disrupted again during the Cultural Revolution (1966—76) when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious. “when”所引导的从句是定语从句而非状语从句，它修饰的是“during the Cultural Revolution”。 【参考译文】外贸的发展在文化大革命期间再次被中断，当时工农业生产 急剧下降，交通的制约问题更加严重。 3. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1987 placing undue strain on the national economy. 本句的主干是：“Official recognition … had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1987”。“that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy”修饰“Official recognition”； “placing undue strain on the national economy” 为现在分词短语，表结果。 【参考译文】官方认为外国技术能在中国经济现代化中起重大作用，这使 得 1987 年进口上升了 50%以上，从而给国民经济施加了过 重的压力。 4. Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication, not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West. 请注意“the need is for …, not for …”的结构。“as”所引导的是状语从句，表 示“象…一样”。 【参考译文】中国官员强调将先进技术引入到国内工业的重要性，但（中
国)所需要的是不同层次不同尖端程度的技术，而不一定是 西方人所理解的先进技术。 5.There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments,but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-83 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years. "the size of the visible trade surplus..”与“a pronounced increase in earnings.”并列做主语。“that the current account has been in surplus.."为 宾语从句，做“suggest”的宾语。 【参考译文】虽然有关国际收支的无形项目方面没有官方统计数字，但是 1981一83年间的有形贸易顺差量及旅游收益的显著增加表 明过去几年来经常项目处于顺差状态。 6.The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China's determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. 现在分词confronting a number of developing countries”做定语，修饰The debt problems”。注意to introduce foreign technology by means of..rather than by..的结构。 【参考译文】许多发展中国家所面临的债务问题更坚定了中国通过直接投 资和优惠融资的方式来引进外国技术的决心，而不是通过在 国际资本市场筹集大量资金。 7.The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy,such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints,have been tackled The authorities do not consider it appropriate to.”表示“当局认为做某事
国）所需要的是不同层次不同尖端程度的技术，而不一定是 西方人所理解的先进技术。 5. There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments, but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981—83 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years. “the size of the visible trade surplus…” 与 “a pronounced increase in earnings …”并列做主语。“that the current account has been in surplus …”为 宾语从句，做“suggest”的宾语。 【参考译文】虽然有关国际收支的无形项目方面没有官方统计数字，但是 1981—83 年间的有形贸易顺差量及旅游收益的显著增加表 明过去几年来经常项目处于顺差状态。 6. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China’s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. 现在分词“confronting a number of developing countries”做定语，修饰“The debt problems”。注意“to introduce foreign technology by means of … rather than by …”的结构。 【参考译文】许多发展中国家所面临的债务问题更坚定了中国通过直接投 资和优惠融资的方式来引进外国技术的决心，而不是通过在 国际资本市场筹集大量资金。 7. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled. “The authorities do not consider it appropriate to …”表示“当局认为做某事
是不合适的”。另外注意“uti所引导的时间状语从句。应理解为“直到.. 之时”或在..之前”。 【参考译文】当局认为，在经济中的许多如交通网络不足和能源限制等实 际瓶颈问题得以解决之前不宜招致大量外债
是不合适的”。另外注意“until”所引导的时间状语从句。应理解为“直到… 之时”或“在…之前”。 【参考译文】当局认为，在经济中的许多如交通网络不足和能源限制等实 际瓶颈问题得以解决之前不宜招致大量外债