第二讲世贸组织架构及运行机制
1 第二讲 世贸组织架构及运行机制
WTO是什么 WTO的三种含义： 1、国际经济组织 国际组织，不是世界政府；经济组织，不是联合国 2、国际法律体系（表现形式） 全体成员签署的一系列国际法（国际合同)；是政府 间的协议（条约)，不是国际私法 3、多边贸易体制（利益关系的平衡 是成员之间协调贸易关系的一个场所、组织和制度框 架，确立了贸易政策的基本规范
2 WTO是什么 WTO的三种含义： 1、国际经济组织 国际组织，不是世界政府；经济组织，不是联合国 2、国际法律体系（表现形式） 全体成员签署的一系列国际法（国际合同）；是政府 间的协议（条约），不是国际私法 3、多边贸易体制（利益关系的平衡） 是成员之间协调贸易关系的一个场所、组织和制度框 架，确立了贸易政策的基本规范
The World Trade Organization came into being in 1995.One of the youngest of the international organizations,the WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)established in the wake of the Second World War. The World Trade Organization (WTO)is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly,predictably and freely as possible. 3
3 ⚫ The World Trade Organization came into being in 1995. One of the youngest of the international organizations, the WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in the wake of the Second World War. ⚫ The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible
WTO的法律框架 建立世界贸易组织协定(WTO协定) 附件1A:货物贸 附件1B:服务贸 附件1C:与贸易有 易多边协议 易总协定 关的知识产权协定 附件2：关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解 附件3：贸易政策审议机制 附件4：诸边贸易协议 4
4 WTO的法律框架 建立世界贸易组织协定（WTO协定） 附件1B：服务贸 易总协定 附件1A：货物贸 易多边协议 附件1C：与贸易有 关的知识产权协定 附件2：关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解 附件3：贸易政策审议机制 附件4：诸边贸易协议
WTO的组织架构 部长会议 最高决策机关，等同于WT0 总理事会 货物贸易理事会、服务贸易理事会、 知识产权 理事会 专门委员会：向总理事会负责 其他机构：工作组，向理事会负责的委员会 秘书处，总干事
5 WTO的组织架构 ⚫ 部长会议 最高决策机关，等同于WTO ⚫ 总理事会 ⚫ 货物贸易理事会、服务贸易理事会、知识产权 理事会 ⚫ 专门委员会：向总理事会负责 ⚫ 其他机构：工作组，向理事会负责的委员会 ⚫ 秘书处，总干事
WTo structure All WTO members may participate in all councils,committees,etc,except Appellate Body,Dispute Settlement panels, Textiles Monitoring Body,and plurilateral committees. Ministerial Conference General Council meeting as General Council meeting Dispute Settlement General Council as Body Trade Policy Review Appellate Body Dispute Settlement panels ● Committees on Trade and Environment Council for Council for Council for Trade and Development Trade in Goods Trade-Related Aspects Trade in Services Subcommittee on Least of Intellectual Developed Countries Property Rights Regional Trade Agreements Balance of Payments Committees on Committees on Trade in Financial Services ● Restrictions Market Access Aariculture Budget,Finance and Specific Commitments Administration Sanitary and Working parties on ● Phytosanitary Measures Working parties on Technical Barriers to Domestic Regulation ■ ● Accession Trade GATS Rules Working groups on Subsidies and Relationship between Countervailing Plurilaterals Trade and Investment Measures Trade in Civil Aircraft Committee Interaction between Anti-Dumping Practices Government Procurement Trade and Competition Customs Valuation Committee Policy Rules of Origin Import Licensing ● Transparency in Government Trade-Related Doha Development Agenda: ● Procurement Investment Measures TNC and its bodies ● Safeguards Trade Negotiations ● ■Textiles Monitoring ●●● ● ■Body Committee Working party on Special Sessions of Services Council/TRIPS Council Dispute Settlement Body Agriculture Committee Trade and Development Committee Trade and Environment Committee Plurilateral Information Technology Negotiating groups on Agreement Committee 作arket Access Rules Key Reporting to General Council (or a subsidiary) Reporting to Dispute Settlement Body Plurilateral committees inform the General Council or Goods Council of their activities,although these agreements are not signed by all WTO members Trade Negotiations Committee reports to General Council The General Council also meets as the Trade Policy Review Body and Dispute Settlement Body
6
Director-General Supachai Panitchpakdi Office of the Director-General Appellate Body Textiles Monitoring Body Deputy Director-General Deputy Director-General Deputy Director-General Deputy Director-General R.Abbott K.Ran F.Thompson-Flires R.Yersa Admministraticn and Gencral Services Development Agriculture and Commodities Accessions Informatics Eccnomic Research and Statistics Council and TNC Information and Media Relations Language Services Institute for Training and Documentation and Technical Cooperation Extermal Relations Legal Affairs Market Access Tochnical Cooperation Audit Rules Intellectual Property Tedtiles Trade and Environment Trade in Services Trade and Finance Trade Infarmation Centre and Lihrary Trade Policies Review
7
WTO的宗旨 1.提高生活水平，保证充分就业，大幅度稳步地 提高实际收入和有效需求； 2扩大货物、服务的生产和贸易 3.促进WTO成员市场开放，实现世界范围内贸 易自由化 4.坚持走可持续发展之路，各成员应促进对世界 资源的最优利用，保护和维护环境，并以符合 不同经济发展水平下各自成员需要的方式，加 强采取各种相应的措施。 5.积极努力以确保发展中国家，尤其是最不发达 国家，在国际贸易增长中获得与其经济发展水 平相应的份额和利益。 8
8 WTO的宗旨 1.提高生活水平，保证充分就业，大幅度稳步地 提高实际收入和有效需求； 2.扩大货物、服务的生产和贸易； 3.促进WTO成员市场开放，实现世界范围内贸 易自由化 4.坚持走可持续发展之路，各成员应促进对世界 资源的最优利用，保护和维护环境，并以符合 不同经济发展水平下各自成员需要的方式，加 强采取各种相应的措施。 5.积极努力以确保发展中国家，尤其是最不发达 国家，在国际贸易增长中获得与其经济发展水 平相应的份额和利益
WTO的职能 1.组织实施各项贸易协定、 协议； 2.提供谈判场所； 3.解决贸易净端 4.对各成员的贸易政策、法规进行定期评 论； 5.协调与国际货币基金组织和世界银行等 国际经济组织的关系
9 WTO的职能 1．组织实施各项贸易协定、协议； 2．提供谈判场所； 3．解决贸易争端； 4．对各成员的贸易政策、法规进行定期评 论； 5．协调与国际货币基金组织和世界银行等 国际经济组织的关系
The WTO's overriding objective is to help trade flow smoothly, freely,fairly and predictably It does this by: .Administering trade agreements Acting as a forum for trade negotiations Settling trade disputes Reviewing national trade policies .Assisting developing countries in trade policy issues,through technical assistance and training programmes Cooperating with other international organizations 10
10 The WTO’s overriding objective is to help trade flow smoothly, freely, fairly and predictably It does this by: •Administering trade agreements •Acting as a forum for trade negotiations •Settling trade disputes •Reviewing national trade policies •Assisting developing countries in trade policy issues, through technical assistance and training programmes •Cooperating with other international organizations
