Capital cost projects begin when a need is defined that cannot be satisfied in existing facilities. Thus begins the life cycle of a capital project (Fig. 1). Once started, the project will progress through all of the following phases or be canceled. It all starts with the recognition of a need that will require capital plant. In the conceptual phase of the project, multiple approaches will be evaluated and one or more plans will be evaluated for meeting these needs

The purpose ofthis chapter is to review various forms of solids dryers and auxiliary components. It is intended to be a practical guide to dryer selection (as opposed to the theory of drying, which is addressed in various technical manuals referenced in the bibliography). From a microscopic

The drying operation is often the final step of a manufacturing process. Indirect drying will be discussed in this section; it is the process of removing liquid by conductive heat transfer. Sometimes drymg is apart ofthe manufacturing process itself, as in the case of seasoning oftimber or in paper making, but generally, the reasons for carrying out a drying operation are:

本课程是为生物工程专业本科生开设的设计课程。本课程是《生化工厂设计》的辅助课 程与实践课程,与《生化工厂设计》同步开设。本课程的主要任务是通过课堂设计训练,使 学生掌握有关工艺计算、设备计算以及设计选型等的方法与步骤,熟悉用CAD软件绘制生 产工艺流程图、车间设备布置图的方法

In the Wake of the Astrolabe: In the Wake of the Astrolabe: Content Analysis of Diaries Maintained by Content Analysis of Diaries Maintained by the Leaders and Physicians of the Leaders and Physicians of French Remote Duty S French Remote Duty Stations Jack Stuster Jack Stuster, PhD, CPE Anacapa Sciences, Inc. Anacapa Sciences, Inc

Human Visual Orientation in Weightlessness Charles M. Oman Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 Abstract: An astronaut's sense of self-orientation is relatively labile, since the gravitational “down” cues provided by gravity are absent and visual cues to orientation are often ambiguous, and familiar objects can be difficult to recognize when viewed from an unfamiliar aspect. This chapter

Common, everyday water is a major consideration in a pharmaceu￾tical plant. The final product or any of its intermediate materials can only be as contaminant-free as the water available at that stage. Water may be an ingredient or used principally to wash and rinse product contact components and equipment. Water is also used to humidiethe air, to generate clean steam for sterilization, to cool or heat, as a solvent, for drinking and sanitary uses, etc. To better control this critical media

本课程是生物工程的专业必修课。通过课程学习,使学生了解、掌握有机酸发酵的基本理论及生产工艺,及行业的发展趋势和最新进展

Crystallization is one of the oldest methods known for recovering pure solids from a solution. The Chinese, for example, were using crystallization to recover common salt from water some 5000 years ago. The perfection and beauty of the crystal which fascinated the early tribes now leads to a product of high purity and attractive appearance

Often in multiple-effect evaporators the concentration of the liquid being evaporated changes drastically from effect to effect, especially in the latter effects. In such cases, this phenomenon can be used to advantage by staging one or more of the latter effects. Staging is the operation of an effect by maintaining