12.1 The Aggregate Expenditure Model 12.2 Determining the Level of Aggregate Expenditure in the Economy 12.3 Graphing Macroeconomic Equilibrium 12.4 The Multiplier Effect 12.5 The Aggregate Demand Curve Appendix: The Algebra of Macroeconomic Equilibrium

14.1 What is Money, and Why Do We Need It? 14.2 How Is Money Measured in the United States Today? 14.3 How Do Banks Create Money? 14.4 The Federal Reserve System 14.5 The Quantity Theory of Money

16.1 What Is Fiscal Policy? 16.2 The Effects of Fiscal Policy on Real GDP and the Price Level 16.3 Fiscal Policy in the Dynamic Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Model 16.4 The Government Purchases and Tax Multipliers 16.5 The Limits of Using Fiscal Policy to Stabilize the Economy 16.6 Deficits, Surpluses, and Federal Government Debt 16.7 The Effects of Fiscal Policy in the Long Run Appendix: A Closer Look at the Multiplier

19.1 Exchange Rate Systems 19.2 The Current Exchange Rate System 19.3 International Capital Markets Appendix: The Gold Standard and the Bretton Woods System

17.1 The Discovery of the Short￾Run Trade-off between Unemployment and Inflation 17.2 The Short-Run and Long￾Run Phillips Curves 17.3 Expectations of the Inflation Rate and Monetary Policy 17.4 Federal Reserve Policy from the 1970s to the Present

15.1 What is Monetary Policy? 15.2 The Money Market and the Fed’s Choice of Monetary Policy Targets 15.3 Monetary Policy and Economic Activity 15.4 Monetary Policy in the Dynamic Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Model 15.5 A Closer Look at the Fed’s Setting of Monetary Policy Targets 15.6 Fed Policies during the 2007-2009 Recession

13.1 Aggregate Demand 13.2 Aggregate Supply 13.3 Macroeconomic Equilibrium in the Long Run and the Short Run 13.4 A Dynamic Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Model Appendix: Macroeconomic Schools of Thought

11.1 Economic Growth over Time and around the World 11.2 What Determines How Fast Economies Grow? 11.3 Economic Growth in the United States 11.4 Why Isn’t the Whole World Rich? 11.5 Growth Policies

9.1 Measuring the Unemployment Rate, the Labor Force Participation Rate, and the Employment -Population Ratio 9.2 Types of Unemployment 9.3 Explaining Unemployment 9.4 Measuring Inflation 9.5 Using Price Indexes to Adjust for the Effects of Inflation 9.6 Nominal Interest Rates versus Real Interest Rates 9.7 Does Inflation Impose Costs on the Economy?

7.1 The United States in the International Economy 7.2 Comparative Advantage in International Trade 7.3 How Countries Gain from International Trade 7.4 Government Policies That Restrict International Trade 7.5 The Arguments over Trade Policies and Globalization