Are they instances of learning? (1) A young child takes his first steps. (2) An adolescent male feels a strong attraction tocertain females. (3) A child feels anxious when he sees the doctorcoming with a needle
4.1 Thorndike’s Connectionism 4.1.1 Edward Lee Thorndike:1874-1949, American educational psychologist. 1891-1895,studied English literature in Wesleyan University. 1895-1897,studied psychology in Harvard Unviversity.(James) 1897-1898, studied in Columbia University, and got his PH.D.(Kattel)
Development refers to the ways people grow, adapt, and change during their lifetimes. physical development, personality development, socioemotional development, cognitive development(thinking), and language development
The foundation of E.P.: before 1920s Wundt,1879: methodology James, “Talks to the teachers” 1899; “The principles of psychology”1890; Dewey: apply psychology to education
1915-1918, taught at Northwestern Uni., At which time he was released for “lack of teaching success”, but more likely it was because of his pacifism during wartime
Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology before1900,studied law,philosophy. 1901-1904,studied psychology and philosophy at the universities of Prague, Berlin. 1904, received Ph.D. at Würzbur
5.3.1 About Bruner: Jerome Seymour Bruner(1915-) Born in New York in 1915. 1931,studied law at Duke Uni., then studied Psy. because of the influence of Mcdougall
“If I had to reduce all educational psychology just one principle, I would say this: The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly
