Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Inviscid, incompressible Flow Theoretical fluid dynamics, being a difficult subject, is for convenience, commonly divided into two branches, one treating frictionless or perfect fluids, the other treating of viscous or imperfect fluids. The frictionles fluid has no existence in nature, but is hypothesized by mathematicians in order to facilitate the investigation of important laws and principles that may be approximately true of viscous or natural fluids

Chapter 2 Aerodynamics: Some Fundamental Principles and Equations There is so great a difference between a fluid and a collection of solid particles that the laws of pressure and of equilibrium of fluids are very different from the laws of the pressure and equilibrium of solids Jean Le Rond d' Alembert, 1768

Chapter 1 Aerodynamics: Some Introductory Thoughts The term \aerodynamics\is generally used for problems arising from flight and other topics involving the flow of air. Ludwig Prandtl, 1949 Aerodynamics: The dynamics of gases, especially of atmospheric interactions with moving objects. The American Heritage Dictionary of English Language, 1969

5.1 Introduction The properties of airfoils are the same as the properties of a wing with infinite span. However, all real airplanes have wings of finite span. In the present chapter, we will apply our knowledge of airfoil properties to the analysis for finite wings. As we have mentioned in the previous chapter, the analysis for the aerodynamics of wings is separated in two steps.now, we are going on the second-step in Prandtl's philosophy of wing theory

如上图所示的斜激波在真实情况下有时会碰到固壁或与其它激 波、膨胀波相交,进而发生相互作用,这种现象称为激波的干 扰与反射。本节的目的就是要定性地讨论激波的干扰问题

特别要注意:膨胀过程是一个等熵过程。 要解决的问题是:已知上游马赫数M及其它流动特性(区域1), 求通过偏转角θ膨胀后的下游(区域2)的特

一、能量方程的各种特殊表达形式 二、总温的计算公式 三、总压、总密度的计算公式 四、临界参数的定义与计算公式 五、特征马赫数(速度系数)M*的定义及计算公式

8.1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this chapter and Chap. 9 is to develop shock-wave theory, thus giving us the means to calculate the changes in the flow properties across a wave.本章和第九章的目的是推导激波理论,因而得出计算通过激波的流动特性变化量的公式

观察超音速下飞行器的升力、阻力的产生及绕飞行器流动的流场细节,包括激波、膨胀波的构型,可以采用以下两种方法: (1) Conduct flight tests using the actual vehicle 进行实际飞行器的飞行试验 (2) Run wind-tunnel tests on a small-scale modelof the vehicle 用飞行器的缩小模型进行风洞实验

Proof Existence and uniqueness of r(t, u)and A(t)follow from Theorem 3. 1. Hence, in order to prove differentiability and the formula for the derivative, it is sufficient to show that there exist a function C: R++R+ such that C(r)/r-0 as r-0 and E>0 such