This document describes the Message-Passing Interface (MPI) standard, version 2.2. The MPI standard includes point-to-point message-passing, collective communications, group and communicator concepts, process topologies, environmental management, process cre￾ation and management, one-sided communications, extended collective operations, external interfaces, I/O, some miscellaneous topics, and a profiling interface. Language bindings for C, C++ and Fortran are defined

• contemporary computer systems allow multiple programs to be loaded into memory and executed concurrently • A system therefore consists of a collection of processes (a program in execution): operating system processes executing system code and user processes executing user code. • Process Concept • Process Scheduling • Operations on Processes • Interprocess Communication • Examples of IPC Systems • Communication in Client-Server Systems*

It is shown that the average [O] in the steel can be decreased to 12.86 ppm and there is an optimal [%Si] at the end of melting as 0.11%, at which [O] after vacuum carbon deoxidation （VCD） is minimum. A kinetical model has been deduced to simulate the VCD process. The results show that adding Si before Al is superior to the adding Al before Si with respect to the final [O] in the steel. It is suggested that the melting point of covering slag should be lower than 1550℃, and （FeO+MnO） should be less than 1%, so as to effectively refine GCr15 steel

Aerospace Overview Initiative Background LESAT Development Process LESAT Architecture and Practices Assessment Process LESAT Research Results Nightingale-2 2002 Massachusetts Institute of Technology

❖ 5.1 The performance of Catalysts in Chemical reaction ❖ 5.2 Green Chemistry and Catalysis ❖ 5.3 The Design of High Efficient and Safe Catalyst ❖ 5.4 Changing Starting Material for Chemical reaction ❖ 5.5 Changing Reagents ❖ 5.6 Changing the solvent of Chemical Reaction ❖ 5.7 Process Control and Process Intensification ❖ References

Lean Engineering Learning Points Lean applies to engineering Engineering requires a process Different from manufacturing Lean engineering process eliminates waste and improves cycle time

I. Personal selling I. Personal selling II. Role of Sales force II. Role of Sales force III. Sales force management III. Sales force management IV. Selling process IV. Selling process V. Customer Relationship V. Customer Relationship Management Management

I. The Communication Process I. The Communication Process II. Integrated Marketing II. Integrated Marketing Communications Communications III. Advertising III. Advertising

I. Managing Marketing Efforts I. Managing Marketing Efforts II. Organizing the Marketing II. Organizing the Marketing Department Department III. Four skills needed for III. Four skills needed for effective implementation effective implementation IV. Types of Control IV. Types of Control V. Marketing Control Process V. Marketing Control Process VI. Marketing Audits VI. Marketing Audits

I. The Importance of I. The Importance of information information II. The Marketing Information II. The Marketing Information System III. The Marketing Research III. The Marketing Research Process Process IV. Research Plan Designing IV. Research Plan Designing and Execution and Execution