Chapter 5Syngas Production Process
Syngas Production Process Chapter 5
5.1IntroductionSynthesis gas (or syngas) is a general term used todescribe mixtures of hydrogen (H2)and carbonmonoxide (CO) in various ratios. These mixtures areused as such and are also sources of pure hydrogen andpure carbon monoxide.Syngas may be produced from a variety of rawmaterials ranging from naturalgas, coal, fractions ofgasoline, agriculture and forestry wastes, urbangarbage,etc
5.1 Introduction Synthesis gas (or syngas) is a general term used to describe mixtures of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in various ratios. These mixtures are used as such and are also sources of pure hydrogen and pure carbon monoxide. Syngas may be produced from a variety of raw materials ranging from natural gas, coal, fractions of gasoline, agriculture and forestry wastes, urban garbage, etc
Syngas production method一(1)Production method fromcoalasraw materialsPartial oxidation of coal (gasification)with steam and oxygen.(2)Production method from naturalgas as raw materialsSteam reforming of naturalgas(3)Productionmethodfromheavy oilorresidual oilasrawmaterialsPartial oxidation of (heavy) hydrocarbon with steam and oxygen
一、Syngas production method (1) Production method from coal as raw materials Partial oxidation of coal (gasification) with steam and oxygen. (2) Production method from natural gas as raw materials Steam reforming of natural gas (3) Production method from heavy oil or residual oil as raw materials Partial oxidation of (heavy) hydrocarbon with steam and oxygen
二、 Examplesfor syngasapplication1.Main industrialized products(1) Ammonia synthesisIron based catalystN2 + 3H2 2NH3500-600℃,17.5-20MPa(2)MethanolsynthesisCO + 2H2-- CH3OHCopper based catalyst260-270℃C,5-10MPa
二、Examples for syngas application 1. Main industrialized products (1) Ammonia synthesis (2) Methanol synthesis Iron based catalyst 500-600℃, 17.5-20MPa Copper based catalyst 260-270℃, 5-10MPa
(3)AceticacidsynthesisCHOH+ CO - CHCOOHTransition metal (Co, Rh) carbonyl complex catalyst180℃,3-4MP(4)HydroformylationproductsofalkenesCHCH2CH2CHO+（CH322CHCHCCH3CHCH2 + CO + H2 -C2H4 + CO + H2CH3CH2CHOH2R(CH2)3OHRCH2CH2CHORCHCH2 + CO + H2-Transition metal carbonyl complex catalystFor example: HCo(CO)4 catalyst, 120-140C, 20MPaHRh(CO)(Ph3P)3, 100℃C, 1-2MPa
(4) Hydroformylation products of alkenes Transition metal carbonyl complex catalyst For example: HCo(CO)4 catalyst, 120-140℃, 20MPa HRh(CO)(Ph3P)3, 100℃, 1-2MPa (3) Acetic acid synthesis Transition metal (Co、Rh) carbonyl complex catalyst 180℃, 3-4MP
(5) Synthesis of natural gas, gasoline, and diesel oilnCO + (2n + 1)H2= C2Hzn+2 + nH2OCO + H2O - CO2 + H2Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: iron or cobalt based catalyst200-240℃,2.5MPa
(5) Synthesis of natural gas, gasoline, and diesel oil Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: iron or cobalt based catalyst 200-240℃, 2.5MPa
2.Newuseof syngasapplication(1)Low carbon alkenes such as ethene was directly synthesized2C0 + 4H2 -- CH4 +2H20(2)Syngastransforming intohydrocarbons via methanolH2OH20C2~C4烯烃nCH3OCH32nCH3OH
2．New use of syngas application (1) Low carbon alkenes such as ethene was directly synthesized (2) Syngas transforming into hydrocarbons via methanol
(3）Ethenepreparedbymethanolhomologation（同系化）CH3OH + CO + 2H2 =- CH3CH2OH + H2CCH3CH20H = C2H4十H20(4)Lowcarbon alcohol synthesis(5)Glycolsynthesis2CH30H + C0 + 1/202 - (C00CH3)2 )2 +H20(CO0CH3)2 + 4H2 → (CH2OH)2 + 2CH30OH()Carbonylation products from syngas and alkene derivatives
(3) Ethene prepared by methanol homologation(同系化) (4) Low carbon alcohol synthesis (5) Glycol synthesis 2CH3OH + CO + 1/2O2 → CO(OCH3)2 + H2O (COOCH3)2 + 4H2 → (CH2OH)2 + 2CH3OH (6) Carbonylation products from syngas and alkene derivatives CH3CH2OH ＝ C2H4十H2O (COOCH3)2
5.2 Syngas prepared by coalTechnological principle of coal gasification process1.Basic reactions of coalgasificationBasic reactionsoccurring during coal gasification1C+-0,=COAH208 123kJI mol2AH20e - 406kJ I mo!C+O, = CO2AHi0131kJ / molC+H,O≤CO+H2AH20890.3kJ/ molC+2H,O→CO2+2H2AH20C+CO,=2CO172.6kJ/molAH20e -74.9kJ I molC+2H2 →CH4
5.2 Syngas prepared by coal 一、Technological principle of coal gasification process 1．Basic reactions of coal gasification Basic reactions occurring during coal gasification
2.Reaction conditionsofcoalgasification(1)Operationtemperature isabove1100℃(2)Pressure is 2.5-3.2MPa(3) The ratio of H2O toO2 is determined according togasificationmethod of coal
2. Reaction conditions of coal gasification (1) Operation temperature is above 1100 ℃ (2) Pressure is 2.5-3.2MPa (3) The ratio of H2O to O2 is determined according to gasification method of coal