24.00: Problems of Philosophy Prof. Sally Haslanger September 19, 2001 Evil and the Free Will Defense Review of the Problem 1)If God exists, she'd be OOG. [By hypothesis] )If an OOG being exists, there would be no evil. [from 1] 3)God exists. [Suppose]

September 12, 2001 The Problem of Evil Last time we considered the ontological argument for the existence of God. If the argument is cogent, then we have reason to be rational theists, i.e., to maintain that there are justifying reasons for belief in God's existence. Today we're going to consider an argument for atheism which purports to show that theism is incoherent, i.e., that theism entails a contradiction. If the argument works, then the only option available to the theist would be irrational theism: belief in God's existence in spite of justifying reasons supporting

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Phonology Chapter 3 Morphology Chapter 4 Syntax Chapter 5 Semantics Chapter 6 Pragmatics Chapter 7 Language Change Chapter 8 Language and society Chapter 9 Language and culture Chapter 10 Language acquisition Chapter 11 Second Language Acquisition

第四节语用含义 一、语用含义的性质 (一)会话含义和语用含义! 会话是说话人和听话人在同一时空范围内共同进行的有一定 指向和意图的语用行为,具有时间同一性和空间限制性。 会话含义有两种:一般含义和特殊含义。一般含义是指从字 面意义中可以体会出来的,它不需要比较复杂的分析就能够 理解。 语用含义指的是特殊含义

第节语义关系 一、语义的聚合 (一)语义场具有共同语义特征,在语义上处于互相 联系和制约关系中的一群词的聚合。 例如,父亲、母亲、哥哥、姐姐、妹妹、舅舅、姑 姑等都有“亲属”的义素。 二、语义场的特点:1.系统性2.层次性 三、语义场研究的意义 1语义场不是孤立地研究个别词义现象,而是以系统的观点 ,相互联系的角度研究各种词义现象。它有助于人们更全 面深地了解词义之间的关系。 2语义场是义素分析的基础和依托,义素分析必须在语义场 中行,它有助于义素分析的科学性严密性和准确性

第六节语音的发展变化 一、语流音变 语流中的一个音,由于受到前后音或者说话快慢、高低、强弱等因素的影响而在发音上产生某种变化,这种变化就叫语流音变。 (一)同化 语流中两个邻近的不同的音,其中一个受到另一个影响而变得跟它相同或相近,叫同化

第五节句式转换 从具有相同语法结构的句子中概括出的类型叫做句式。按照一定规则,把一种句式转换为另外一种句式,叫转换。 一、什么是转换 二、转换的规则转换是依据一定的规则进行的 转换规则主要有移位、删除、添加、复写、替换

Prof. Sally Haslanger December 2, 2001 Kantian Ethics (and more on famine) So far we've looked at egoist and utilitarian approaches to ethics. The main objection we considered to egoism was that it failed to accommodate the common sense idea that morality involves a kind of impartiality, at the very least it seems that

Particularism and virtue ethics I. Universalism and Particularism We've considered before some basic questions that we would expect a moral theory to answer i)Which acts are right and which are wrong? Which acts ought we to perform(understanding the\ought\as a moral

December 10. 2001 (Meta-Ethical Subjectivism(or Non-cognitivism) For the past couple of weeks we have been focusing on the following questions i)Which acts are right and which are wrong? Which acts ought we to perform? ii)What makes an action right or wrong? What about the action determines its moral status? Our third question has received less attention