（1）精确逻辑（传统逻辑）的一些概念 命题逻辑、布尔代数、和集合论是同构的。 隐含是重要的概念。 传统的命题逻辑中，命题的“真”和“假”必须具有 意义。逻辑推理是给定一个命题，组合成另一个命题的过 程

（ 1） 都是非数值型的非线性函数的逼近器、估计器、和动态系统； （2） 不需要数学模型进行描述，但都可用数学工具进行处理； （3）都适合于VLSI、光电器件等硬件实现

（1）精确逻辑（传统逻辑）的一些概念 命题逻辑、布尔代数、和集合论是同构的。 隐含是重要的概念。 传统的命题逻辑中，命题的“真”和“假”必须具有 意义。逻辑推理是给定一个命题，组合成另一个命题的过 程

竞争学习和Kohonen自组织网络 竞争学习根据输入模式来更新权值，输入单元i与所有输 出单元j 用wij 连接。输入的数目即为输入的维数，输出的 数目即为输入数据要聚类的数目

Optimal Design of CMAC Neural-Network Controller for Robot Manipulators Young H. Kim and Frank L. Lewis, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—This paper is concerned with the application of quadratic optimization for motion control to feedback control of robotic systems using cerebellar model arithmetic

1、静态系统的辨识，它包括： （1）参数辨识 （2）结构辨识 2、动态系统的辨识 （1）结构辨识 （2）系统行为的辨识

关于优化问题比较：传统的优化方法 （1）依赖于初始条件。 （2）与求解空间有紧密关系，促使较快地收敛到局部解，但同时对解域有约束，如可微或连续。利用这些约束，收敛快

Optimal Design of CMAC Neural-Network Controller for Robot Manipulators Young H. Kim and Frank L. Lewis, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—This paper is concerned with the application of quadratic optimization for motion control to feedback control of robotic systems using cerebellar model arithmetic

Develop a graphical depiction of the operation of the fuzzy controller for the inverted pendulum similar to 3 π the one given in Figure2.1 99 on page46. For this choose(t)=andet)=, which will result in four rules being on. Be sure to show all parts of the graphical depiction

There are many concepts that are used in fuzzy logic that sometimes become useful when studying fuzzy control. The following problems introduce some of the more popular fuzzy logic oncepts that were not treated earlier in the chapter or were treated only briefly (a)The complement(\not )of a fuzzy set with a membership function has a membership function given by A(x)=1-u(x). Sketch the complement of the fuzzy set shown in Figure 2.6 on page 30 (b)There are other ways to def ine the\triangular norm\for representing