Alkane Formulas All C-C single bonds Saturated with hydrogens Ratio:H n2n+2 Alkane homologs:ch3(ch2)nCH3 Same ratio for branched alkanes

To determine reaction''s mechanism, look at: Equilibrium constant Free energy change Enthalpy Entropy Bond dissociation energy Kinetics >Activation energy

Wave Properties of Electrons Standing wave vibrates in fixed location. Wave function, w, mathematical description of size, shape, orientation Amplitude may be positive or negative Node: amplitude is zero

Functional Group Pi bond is the functional group. · More reactive than sigma bond. · Bond dissociation energies:

Types of Alcohol Reactions HH H Dehydration to alkene ·xidation to aldehyde, ketone Substitution to form alkyl halide Reduction to alkane ·Esterification ·Tosylation Williamson synthesis of ether

Definitions Conjugated double bonds are separated by one single bond. Example: 1, 3-pentadiene. Isolated double bonds are separated by two or more single bonds. 1, 4-pentadiene. Cumulated double bonds are on adjacent carbons. Example: 1, 2-pentadiene

《高等有机化学》课程电子教案（PPT教学课件）第2章 立体化学原理

一. 键能, 键长, 偶极矩 二. 电子效应和空间效应 三. 分子轨道理论 四. 芳香性和休克尔规则

《高等有机化学》课程电子教案（PPT教学课件）序论及目录

Discovery of Benzene Isolated in 1825 by Michael Faraday who determined C: H ratio to be 1: 1. Synthesized in 1834 by Eilhard Mitscherlich who determined molecular formula to be C6H6