1 Graphs and Trees The following two definitions of a tree are equivalent Definition 1: A tree is an acyclic graph of n vertices that has n-1 edges Definition 2: A tree is a connected graph such that Vu, v E V, there is a unique path connecting u to u. In general, when we want to show the equivalence of two definitions, we must show
Random variable Weve used probablity to model a variety of experiments, games, and tests. Through out, we have tried to compute probabilities of events. We asked for example, what is the probability of the event that you win the Monty Hall game? What is the probability of the event that it rains
Introduction to Probability Probability is the last topic in this course and perhaps the most important. Many Igorithms rely on randomization. Investigating their correctness and performance re- quires probability theory. Moreover, many aspects of computer systems, such as memory
Counting III Today we'll briefly review some facts you dervied in recitation on Friday and then turn to some applications of counting. 1 The Bookkeeper Rule In recitation you learned that the number of ways to rearrange the letters in the wore BOOKKEEPER is:
1 Coloring Graphs Each term, the MIT Schedules Office must assign a time slot for each final exam. This is not easy, because some students are taking several classes with finals, and a student can take only one test during a particular time slot. The Schedules Office wants to avoid all conflicts, but to make the exam period as short as possible
1 Induction A professor brings to class a bottomless bag of assorted miniature candy bars. She offers to share in accordance with two rules. First, she numbers the students 0, 1, 2, 3, and so forth for convenient reference. Now here are the two rules:
Ⅱ. Listening skills W: From what i can remember the director asked us to rehearse this a hundred times M: One hundred times? Is the director out of his mind Q: What does the man imply? 2. M: Do you think we have made enough food for the party? w: The refrigerator is about to explode Q: What does the woman imply? 3. w: She said she might become a famous movie star M: Yes, and pigs might fly
The expectation or expected value of a random variable is a single number that tells you a lot about the behavior of the variable. Roughly, the expectation is the average value, where each value is weighted according to the probability that it comes up. Formally, the expected value of a random variable r defined on a sample space s is: (B)=∑R()Pr(o) To appreciate its signficance, suppose S is the set of students in a class, and we select a student uniformly at random. Let r be the selected student's exam score. Then
Key to practice exercise I. GRAMMAR 1.C 2.A在 hope,Ibet结构后的that-分句中可使用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如: bet it rains tomorrow. 3.B.主句中若有 require, demand, suggest insist order, prefer, propose recommend, request等动词,其后的that分句中应使用be型虚拟式,即动次原形或 should+动词原形
