4.2.1 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov:Sep.14, 1849 – Feb.27, 1936 Place of birth: Ryazan (Russia) Education: Studied medicine at St. Petersburg (Russia)

Anything that can be learned from direct experience can also be learned by indirect or vicarious experience

4.1 Thorndike’s Connectionism 4.1.1 Edward Lee Thorndike:1874-1949, American educational psychologist. 1891-1895,studied English literature in Wesleyan University. 1895-1897,studied psychology in Harvard Unviversity.(James) 1897-1898, studied in Columbia University, and got his PH.D.(Kattel)

The foundation of E.P.: before 1920s Wundt,1879: methodology James, “Talks to the teachers” 1899; “The principles of psychology”1890; Dewey: apply psychology to education

1915-1918, taught at Northwestern Uni., At which time he was released for “lack of teaching success”, but more likely it was because of his pacifism during wartime

5.1 About GestaltPsychology The founder ofGestalt psychology: Max Wertheimer(1880-1943)

“If I had to reduce all educational psychology just one principle, I would say this: The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly

华生的经历简要介绍 小时候不是个好学生。 1900年在弗曼大学获得硕士学位 1903年在芝加哥大学获得博士学位 1915年当选为美国心理学会（APA）主席 1920年被迫离开大学

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主持人：追求进步，学术倾听，世纪大讲堂向您问候，在谈到缩短中国和西方国家的差距的 时候，我们经常说，知己但还要知彼，才能百战百胜，但是现在呢，我们发现，我们对西方 人的了解太多，对自己的了解却知之不足。所以有人提出，知彼但更要知己，说这话的人， 就是研究中国人格，他就是北京大学心理学系的大教授王登峰，好，有请王教授上场