Hyponymy dog means the collection of all dogs mammal means the collection of all mammals X is hyponym of Y the meaning of is contained in the meaning of Y

Linguistic Meaning The meaning of linguistic items. (linguistic item= anything, from word, to a grammatical morpheme or a combination of words). Different from personal/social/ cultural meanings

Psycholinguistic division of language PCHQ-LINGUISTS Comprehension reading listening words Visual/

Language as an interface Human intelligence discovered a way of perpetuating itself, one not only more durable and more resistant than architecture. but also simpler and easier. Victor hugo

Do speakers of languages think differently? Do the differences in thought stem from the linguistic diferences e or, are the diferences in thought due to cultural Inon-linguisic) infuences?

Language is an essential and important part of a given culture and the impact of culture up a given language is something intrinsic and indispensable

What is Pragmatics We human beings are odd compared with our nearest animal relatives. Unlike them, we can say what we want when we want. All normal humans can produce and understand any number of new words and sentences

L. Austin How to do things with words. Locutionary Acts Saying something about something Illocutionary acts Doing something by saying something Perlocutionary Acts

Outline Introduction Pragmatics Principles underlying the implicature phenomenon Types of implicature Examples

第一节公司利润分配 第二节股利及股利支付 第三节股利理论与分配政策