Figure 2 in Muratani M, Tansey WP. \How the ubiquitin-proteasome system controls transcription.\ Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Mar; 4(3): 192-201. Regulation of TCR by ubiquitylation of RNA polymerase II. Transcription-coupled repair (TCR)is the mechanism through which mutations in actively transcribed genes are preferentially repaired. a Elongating RNA polymerase II (pol II)

Below is an electron micrograph of a single gene being transcribed. The DNA strand runs horizontally with RNa transcripts extending vertically outward Image removed due to copyright reasons a)Draw an arrow indicating the direction that the RNA polymerases are

一、信使RNA(mRNA):在细胞总RNA中所占比例很小 (-)mRNA作为prot生物合成的直接模板,也可以说:mRNA是将DNA 遗传信息传递给pot的信使,不同的蛋白质各有其特定的mRNA模板。 原核生物中:一种mRNA常带有多个功能相关蛋白质的编码信息,在翻 译过程中可同时合成这些蛋白质

Collaboration of Proteins at the Replication Fork Leading strand DNA polymerase lll Leadi ng strand template Lagging strand RNA primase template RNA primer

本章主要讨论DNA的生物合成即DNA的半保留复制;RNA生物合成即dA到RNA的转录 。现加上下一章蛋白质的生物合成内容(即翻译过程),就构成了分子遗传学中心法则

一、RNA的结构特点 1.单链状,但许多区域可自身进行碱基配对,形成回折

一、物理性质 1、形态DNA为白色纤维状固体;RNA为白色粉末状固体? 2、溶解性微溶于水,不溶于乙醇、乙醚和氯仿等一般的有机溶剂;DNA在溶液中粘度大,RNA粘度小

Chapter 5 Macromolecules and Molecular Genetics DNA Replication Complementary base pairing Semiconservative Template and primer From 5'-phosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl end DNA polymerase and ligase A short stretch of RNA serves as primer Primase: a specific RNA-polymerizing enzyme

Chapter 5 Macromolecules and Molecular Genetics The key informational macromolecules in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are DNA, RNA, and protein. Molecular Genetics deals with the mechanisms by which the information in DNA is replicated, and by which it can be transcribed into rNa and translated into specific proteins

一、DNA的合成(复制) 二、DNA的损伤和修复 三、RNA的合成(转录) 四、RNA生物合成的抑制剂 五、逆转录作用