第一节 概述 第二节 土的压缩性 第三节 地基沉降量计算 第四节 饱和土体渗流固结理论

第一节 土的形成 1.1 The Formation of soils 第二节 土的三相组成 1.2 The Three-Phase Composition of soils 第三节 土的物理状态 1.3 The Physical State of Soils 第四节 土的结构 1.4 The structure of soils 第五节 土的工程分类 1.5The engineering classification of soils 第六节 土的压实性 1.6 Soil Compaction

一、概念 脱氨基反应:即重氮基被氢置换的反应,将重氮盐水溶液用适当的还原剂 还原可使其失去重氮基被还原成氢原子,生成芳烃。 酰化剂:能提供酰基发生酰化反应的物质。主要是羧酸、酸酐、酰氯、羧 酸酯、酰胺和双乙烯酮等

一、概念 烃化:烃化指的是在有机分子中的碳硅氮磷氧和硫等原子上引入烃基 的总称。 酯化反应:醇或酚分子中的羟基氢原子被酰基取代而生成酯的反应, 叫酯化反应

More environment-friendly methods Natural insect attractants — instead pesticide Less reactive compounds organic refrigerants and aerosol propellant — instead Freon (that destroy the Earth’s ozone layer) Cars with more efficient combustion engines — reduce the massive amount of automobile

1.12A The Structure of Methane sp3 Hybridization The 4 sp3 orbitals should be oriented at angles of 109.5° with respect to each other. An sp3-Hybridized carbon gives a tetrahedral structure for methane, and with four equivalent C—H bonds

1858 ~ 1861, Kekulé, Couper, and Butlerov, laid the basis for one of the most fundamental theories in chemistry: the structural theory. Valence（化合价）: C — tetravalent; O — divalent; H — monovalent

1.固体的发光 某一固体化合物受到光子、带电粒子、 电场或电离辐射的激发,会发生能量的吸收 、存储、传递和转换过程。 如果激发能量转换为可见光区的电磁辐 射,这个物理过程称为固体的发光

Carboxylic acids are just one member of a class of acyl derivatives, RCOY, where the acyl group is bonded to an electronegatives substituent -Y that can act as a leaving group in substitution reactions. Numerous acyl derivatives are possible, but we’ll be concerned only with four of the more common ones, in addition to carboxylic acids themselves: acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters, and amides

Carbonyl compounds are a broad group of compounds that includes aldehydes, ketones,carboxylic acids, and esters