7.3 芳香烃的化学性质 Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 7.4 苯环上亲电取代的定位规律 Orientation of Reactions on Substituted Aromatic Rings

由于原子能、电子工业、计算机、医疗、 激光等近代科学技术的发展及国防工业的需要 ,玻璃材料和其他无机非金属材料一样,发展 非常迅速

6.1 炔烃的结构 命名 和物理性质 Structure, Nomenclature, and Physical Properties of Alkyne

3.3 外消旋体的拆分 3.4 外消旋化与差向异构化 3.5 有机反应中的立体化学 Stereochemistry of Reactions

4.1 卤代烃的分类 结构和命名 Classification, Structure, and Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides 4.2 卤代烃的物理性质 Physical Properties of Alkyl Halides 4.3 卤代烃的化学性质 Chemical properties of Alkyl Halides

随着时代的发展,人类将进入一个信息时代。为了解决 生产高速发展以及由此所产生的能源、环境等一系列的问题 ,更需要用高科技的方法和手段来生产新型的、功能性的产 品,以获得各种优良的综合性能。近年来新型功能材料层出 不穷,得到了突破性的进展

Esters, like aldehydes and ketones, are weakly acidic. When an ester with an alpha hydrogen is treated with one equivalent of a base such as sodium ethoxide, a reversible condensation reaction occurs to yield a β−keto ester product. This reaction between two ester components is known as the Claisen condensation reaction

Phenols are like alcohols in being able to form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Phenols have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight. A modest solubility in water

Carbon’s ability to form strong covalent bonds to other carbon atoms is the single property of the carbon atom that — more than any other—accounts for the existence of a field of study called organic chemistry. Carbon’s ability to form as many as four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, and to form strong bonds to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms as well

Energy and the Relative Stability Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion. Potential energy is stored energy. It exists only when an attractive or repulsive force exists between objects