一、丙酮酸氧化脱羧 在有氧条件下,丙酮酸氧化脱羧形成乙酰CoA,后者可进入三羧酸循环彻底氧化

泵 pump 载体 carriers 通道 channels

1. Enzymes Are Powerful and Highly Specific Catalysts 2. Free Energy Is a Useful Thermodynamic Function for Understanding Enzymes －热力学

1.The Exploration of Genes Relies on Key Tools 2.Recombinant DNA Technology Has Revolutionized All Aspects of Biology 3.Complete Genomes Have Been Sequenced and Analyzed 4.Eukaryotic Genes Can Be Manipulated with Considerable Precision

1.The Purification of Proteins Is an Essential First Step in Understanding Their Function 2. The Characterization of Proteins: Molecular Weight, isoelectric point. 3 . Amino Acid Sequencing and primary structure

1. Biochemical Unity Underlies Biological Diversity 2. DNA Illustrates the Interplay between Form and Function 3. Concepts from Chemistry Explain the Properties of Biological Molecules 4.The Genomic Revolution Is Transforming Biochemistry and Medicine

定义：维持生物正常生命过程必需的一类小分子有机化合物，它在生物体内含量极少，大多 数由食物供给，人体自身不能合成它们。 脂溶性：A、D、E、K，单独具有生理功能。 水溶性：B1、B2、B6、B12、C 等，辅酶

指葡萄糖通过一系列步骤,降解成三 碳化合物(丙酮酸)的过程

一、RNA的结构特点 1.单链状,但许多区域可自身进行碱基配对,形成回折

一、早期的基因概念 二、经典的基因概念 三、基因概念的演变与发展 四、基因的分子结构 五、基因概念的多样性