8.8 Attenuation 8.9 Other Global Control Networks 8.10 Signal Transduction and Two￾Component egulatory Systems 8.11 Regulation of Chemotaxis

2.4 Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms 2.5 Prokaryotic Diversity 2.6 Eukaryotic Microorganisms 4.4. Cell Morphology and the Significance of BeingSmall 4.5 Cytoplasmic Membrane: Structure 4.6 Cytoplasmic Membrane: Function 4.8 The Cell Wall of Prokaryotes: Peptidoglycan andRelated Molecules 4.9 The Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria

5.1 Microbial Nutrition 5.2 Culture Media 5.3 Laboratory Culture of Microorganisms 6.1 Cell Growth and Binary Fission 6.2 Peptidoglycan Synthesis and Cell Division 6.3 Population Growth 6.4 The Growth Cycle 6.5 Direct Measurements of Microbial Growth 6.6 Indirect Measurements of MicrobialGrowth

6.8 Effect of Environment on Growth 6.9 Microbial Growth at ColdTemperatures 6.10 Microbial Growth at HighTemperatures 6.11 Microbial Growth at Low or High pH 6.12 Osmotic Effects on Microbial Growth 6.13 Oxygen and Microbial Growth

8.1 Major Modes of Regulation 8.2 Inhibiting Enzyme Activity 8.3 Modification of Enzymes 8.4 DNA Binding Proteins 8.5 Negative Control of Transcription:Repression and Induction 8.6 Positive Control of Transcription

4.10 Flagella and Motility 4.11 Gliding Motility 4.12 Bacterial Responses: Chemotaxis,Phototaxis, and other Taxes 4.13 Bacterial Cell Surface Structuresand Cell Inclusions 4.14 Gas Vesicles 4.15 Endospores

Lecture 2 1.5 The Historical Roots of Microbiology 1.6 Microbial Diversity and the Advent ofMolecular Microbiology 2.1 Elements of Cell and Viral Structure 2.2 Arrangement of DNA in Microbial Cells 2.3 The Tree of Life

Lecture 1 1.1 Microbiology 1.2 Microorganisms as Cells 1.3 Microorganism and Their NaturalEnvironments 1.4 The Impact of Microorganisms onHumans

一、体积小面积大 二、吸收多转化快 三、生长旺繁殖快 四、适应强易变异 五、分布广种类多

一、碳源(carbon source) (一)定义:凡是可以被微生物用来构成细胞物质的或代谢产物中碳素来源的营养物质 (二)碳源谱:如教材表5-2 (三)碳源特点