Section 1 Introduction of lipid Classfication and structure Distribution and function Digestion and absorption Section 2 Fat metabolism 1. Fat mobilization and hydrolysis 2. Fatty acid β-oxidation 3. Ketone body formation 4. Fat synthesis Fatty acid and glycerol synthesis Section 3 Metabolism of Phospholipid Phospholipids (PL) cholesterol and cholesteryl ester glycolipids lipoid Section 4 Cholesterol metabolism Section 5 the metabolism of plasma lipoprotein
1. Large four protein complexes Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 2. Electron transport via the respiratory chain. 3. ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. 4. common poisons that block electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. 5. Substrates shuttle into mitochondial respiratory chain
The nucleus is the biggest and most important organelle of the cell. The presence of the nucleus is the principal feature that distinguishes eukaryotic from prokaryotic cells Almost eukaryotic cells have the nucleus except mature red blood cells of mammals and sieve cells of high plants etc.. By housing the cell's genome, the nucleus serves both as the repository of genetic information and as the control
7.4.1 Two types of proteins: 7.4.2 Protens synthesized can move or transport between compartments in different ways 7.4.3 Soluble proteins destined for secretion or residence within the lysosomal and other EMS vacuolate lumens 7.4.4. Proteins destined for incorporation into the membranes of ER and other EMS or plasma membranes
Countless divisions of a single-celled zygote produce an organism of astonishing cellular complexity and organiza- tion. Any individual cell is bound to die, because cells are subject to wear and tear as well as to accidents. 25 million cells are undergoing division each second in an adult human and blood cells renewed at the rate of about 100 million per minute. If an organism is to continue to live
The generation of metabolic energy is a major activity of all cells, and two cytoplasmic organelles are specifically devoted to energy metabolism and the production of ATP. Mitochondria are responsible for generating most of the useful energy from the breakdown of lipids and carbohydrates, and chloroplasts
11. 4. The nucleolus The most prominent substructure within the nucleus during interphase is the nucleolus. 100 years ago, one found a big spherical structure, called nucleolus within the nucleus, but up until 1960s, it was not identified that the nucleolus is a ribosome production factory designed to fulfill the need for large scale transcription and processing
