细胞科学 Science 蔡国平
细胞科学 Cell Science （11） 蔡国平
11. 4. The nucleolus The most prominent substructure within the nucleus during interphase is the nucleolus. 100 years ago, one found a big spherical structure, called nucleolus within the nucleus, but up until 1960s, it was not identified that the nucleolus is a ribosome production factory, designed to fulfill the need for large scale transcription and processing of rrna and assembly of ribosomal subunits The nucleolus is organized around the chromosoma Fo 1.r RNa genes and transcription and processing ofrRN regions that contain the genes for the 5.8S, 18S and 28S IRNa within a single transcription unit for a 45S pre-pRNA which is transcribed within the nucleolus by rna polymerase 1. The 5S RNA, another component of 60S large) ribosomal subunit is transcribed outside of the nucleolus by rNa polymerase Il
11.4. The nucleolus The most prominent substructure within the nucleus during interphase is the nucleolus. 100 years ago, one found a big spherical structure,called nucleolus within the nucleus, but up until 1960s, it was not identified that the nucleolus is a ribosome production factory, designed to fulfill the need for large scale transcription and processing of rRNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits. 1.r RNA genes and transcription and processing of rRNAs The nucleolus is organized around the chromosomal regions that contain the genes for the 5.8S, 18S and 28S rRNA within a single transcription unit for a 45S pre-rRNA, which is transcribed within the nucleolus by RNA polymerase I. The 5S RNA, another component of 60S (large) ribosomal subunit is transcribed outside of the nucleolus by RNA polymerase III
N Heter chromatin m A FIGURE 9-39 Electron micrograph of a thin section of a bone-marrow stem cell The nucleus (Ni and nucleolus (n) are
10 uM Figure 11.10 The nucleolus. () Light micrograph of two human He La cells transfected with a gene for a ribosomal pro
NH CH HO-H,c O 一H2C ribose ribos OHOH OH O pseudouridine 2-0-methylated nucleotide RNA- modifying enzyme urso RNA SnoRNA RNA- modify ding ribosomal proteins. They are therefore synthesized b nd processed from excised intron sequences
OHOH pre-rRNA Box D UCUUGAACUGAUAGAN U20 SnoRNA SnoRNA U GUCG PACUUG
Nucleus transcription Nucleolus Pre-rRNP Proteins 32S 5-10 min 月 45s pre-rRNA 28s 20s 18s cytoplasm 18s 60s ribosomal ribosome
a bcd efgh ijk/ mop...sss.rrr.sss 1024 strands (b) Nucleolus (c) del of DNA amplification to produce stained polytene X chromosome as it appears in the nes. (a) Sequences along the left arm of microscope. The banding pattern results from reprod
表3-1非洲爪蟾卵母细胞rDNA扩增 细胞类型 核DNA rDNA/核 rDNA数目 核仁数目 Pg (pg) 体细胞 0.012 900 卵母细胞 37 25 2×10 1000~1500 (扩增后)
A 转录方向 ? 终止位点 B 启动子 DNA 18s 5.8S 28S 非转录间隔转录间隔 转录间隔 非转录间隔 图8-28rRNA基因串联重复排列,为非转录间隔所分开(引自 De robertis