一、DNA的合成(复制) 二、DNA的损伤和修复 三、RNA的合成(转录) 四、RNA生物合成的抑制剂 五、逆转录作用

15.1 Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions These reactions are of the general type shown below;

1. Nomencature of alcohols CH3OH Methanol (methyl alcohol) CH3CH2OH Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)

1. How to find benzene? 2. Kekule(克库勒）was the first torecognize that these early aromaticcompounds all contain a six-carbonunit

Arenes: Nomenclature Monosubstituted benzene derivatives are names as other hydrocarbons using the following set of rules: 1. Benzene is the parent name; when a benzene ring is a substituent on another chain, it is referred to as a \phenyl\ group

Except for formaldehyde, the simplest aldehyde, all aldehydes have a carbonyl group, C=O, bonded on one side to a carbon, and on the other side to a hydrogen. In ketones, the carbonyl group is situated between two carbon atoms

17.1 The acidity of the α-hydrogens ofcarbonyl compounds: Enolate ions

Compounds having two carbonyl groups separated by an intervening carbon are called β-dicarbonyl compunds, and these compounds are highly versatile reagents for organic synthesis

教学目标或要求：了解氨基酸的结构，分类，命名。了解多肽结构测定和端基分析。 重点掌握氨基酸的性质和蛋白质的四级结构

Carbodydrares: polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones or substances that hydrolyze to yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones. Monosaccharides: simple carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller simpler carbohydrates