Chapter 13 Aromatic compounds 13.1 Introduction 1. How to find benzene? 2. Kekule(克库勒) was the first to recognize that these early aromatic compounds all contain a six-carbon unit Benzene苯
Chapter 13 Aromatic compounds 13.1 Introduction 1. How to find benzene? 2. Kekule(克库勒）was the first to recognize that these early aromatic compounds all contain a six-carbon unit. Benzene 苯
13.2 Nomenclature of benzene Derivatives 1. Monosubstituted benzenes单取代本 Br NO2 Fluoro benzene Chlorobenzene Bromobenzene Nitrobenzene (氟苯 (氯苯) (溴苯) 硝基苯)
13.2 Nomenclature of benzene Derivatives F Cl Br NO2 Fluorobenzene Chlorobenzene Bromobenzene Nitrobenzene (氟 苯 ） （ 氯 苯 ） （ 溴 苯 ） 硝 基 苯 ） 1. Monosubstituted benzenes 单 取 代 苯
1. Monosubstituted benzenes甲取代本 CH CH2CH3 OH NH2 Methylbenzene Ethylbenzene Hedroxybenzene Aminobenzene 甲苯) (乙苯) (苯酚)(氨基苯,苯胺) Toluene Phenol Aniline
CH3 CH2CH3 OH NH2 Methylbenzene Ethylbenzene Hedroxybenzene Aminobenzene (甲 苯 ） （ 乙 苯 ） （ 苯 酚 ） （ 氨 基 苯 ， 苯 胺 ） 1. Monosubstituted benzenes 单 取 代 苯 Toluene Phenol Aniline
Monosubstituted benzenes SO?H COOH COCH3 OCH3 Benzenesulfonic acid Benzoic acid Acetophenone Anisole (苯磺酸) (苯甲酸) (苯乙酮) (苯甲醚)
Monosubstituted benzenes SO3H COOH COCH3 OCH3 Benzenesulfonic acid Benzoic acid Acetophenone Anisole (苯 磺 酸 ） （ 苯 甲 酸 ） （ 苯 乙 酮 ） （ 苯 甲 醚 ）
When two substituents are present, their relative positions are indicated by the prefixes ortho, meta, and para (abbreviated o-, m", and or by the use of numbers Br Br 1.2-Dibromobenzene 13-Dibromobenzene 1. 4-Dibromobenzene O-Dibromobenzene m-Dibromobenzene p-Dibromobenzene 邻-二溴苯) (间-二溴苯) 对-二溴苯)
Br Br Br 1,2-Dibromobenzene 1,3-Dibromobenzene 1,4-Dibromobenzene (邻 -二 溴 苯 ） Br Br Br o-Dibromobenzene m-Dibromobenzene p-Dibromobenzene (间 -二 溴 苯 ） (对 -二 溴 苯 ） When two substituents are present, their relative positions are indicated by the prefixes ortho, meta, and para (abbreviated o- , m-, and p-) or by the use of numbers
Nitrobenzoic acids硝基苯甲 酸 COOH COOH COOH NO2 NO NO 2-Nitrobenzoic acid 3-Nitro benzic acid 4-Nitrobenzic acid 0-Nitrobenzoic acid m-Nitrobenzoic acid p-Nitrobenzoic acid (邻-硝基苯甲酸)(间-硝基苯甲酸)(对-硝基苯甲酸)
Nitrobenzoic acids 硝基苯甲 酸 COOH COOH COOH 2-Nitrobenzoic acid 3-Nitrobenzic acid 4-Nitrobenzic acid (邻 -硝 基 苯 甲 酸 ） NO2 NO2 NO2 o-Nitrobenzoic acid m-Nitrobenzoic acid p-Nitrobenzoic acid (间 -硝 基 苯 甲 酸 ） (对 -硝 基 苯 甲 酸 ）
The dimethylbenzene are called xylenes(二甲苯) CH CH CH CH CH3 CH 1, 2-Dimethylbenzene 1, 3-Dimethylbenzne 1, 4-Dimethylbenzene O-xylene m-Xylene p-xylene (邻-二甲苯) (间-二甲苯) 对-二甲苯)
The dimethylbenzenes are called xylenes (二甲苯） CH3 CH3 CH3 1,2-Dimethylbenzene 1,3-Dimethylbenzne 1,4-Dimethylbenzene (邻 -二 甲 苯 ） CH3 CH3 CH3 o-xylene m-xylene p-xylene (间 -二 甲 苯 ） (对 -二 甲 苯 ）
If more than two groups are present on the benzene ring, their positions must be indicated by the use of numbers Br CH3 Cl Br CH CH Cl Br 1, 2, 3-Trimethylbenzene 1, 2, 3-Trichlorobenzne 1, 2, 4-Tribromobenzene (not 1, 3, 4-tribromobenzene) (1,2,3-三甲苯)(1,2,3-三氯苯)(1,2,4-三溴苯)
If more than two groups are present on the benzene ring, their positions must be indicated by the use of numbers. CH3 Cl Br 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzne 1,2,4-Tribromobenzene (1,2,3-三 甲 苯 ） CH3 Cl Br (1,2,3-三 氯 苯 ） (1,2,4-三 溴 苯 ） CH3 Cl Br (not 1,3,4-tribromobenzene)
The new parent name is used SOrT COOH NO O2N 2 3.5-Dinitrobenzoic acid 2, 4-Difluorobenzenesulfonic acid (3,5-二硝基苯甲酸) (2,4-二氟苯磺酸)
The new parent name is used COOH SO3 H 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid 2,4-Difluorobenzenesulfonic acid (3,5-二 硝 基 苯 甲 酸 ） (2,4-二 氟 苯 磺 酸 ） NO2 O2 N F F
When the CHs group is named as a substituent, it is called a phenyl group(ph) CH,CH,CH,CH2 CH3C=CHCH, CH3 CHCH,CH2 CH2 CH2CH3 h Butylbenzene 2-Phenyl-2-butene 2-Phenylheptane 丁基苯 2-苯基-2-丁烯 2-苯基庚烷
When the C6H5 - group is named as a substituent, it is called a phenyl group (ph-). CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3C=CHCH3 ph CH3CHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 ph Butylbenzene 2-Phenyl-2-butene 2-Phenylheptane 丁 基 苯 2-苯 基 -2-丁 烯 2-苯 基 庚 烷