Learning Objectives The learning objectives of this section are to make all engineers, engine cadets and other crew members who are involved in the handling of fuels onboard, familiar with: – How to handle the fuel. – Take the necessary simple precautions by following test procedures

The main objective of this section is to make you acquainted with the relevance of fuel parameters on: Abnormal ignition and combustion. Wear, piston ring collapse and breakage. Gas leakage. Ignition, combustion and exhaust gas emission. Engine damages and operational problems. Prevention of engine damages with off spec. fuels and to recognize their impact on the operation of marine diesel engines

3.2 Treatment of detergent type lubricating oils The main function of detergent lubricating oil is to keep solid contaminations in suspension and prevent both their agglomeration and deposition in the engine. This function reduces ring sticking, wears of piston rings and cylinder liners, and generally improves the cleanliness of the engine. agglomeration

3.3 Batch and continuous lubricating systems For small or medium units without a circulatory lubricating system, the oil is often treated on the batch system. As large a quantity of oil as possible is drained from the engine at intervals and run into a heating tank, the system being replenished with clean oil at the same time

To ensure good combustion in diesel engines and reduce wear and corrosion in this type of engine it may be necessary to remove certain impurities from fuel and lubricating oils. These include ash, various salts and water present in fuel oil and carbonaceous matter, metals, acids and water present in used lubricating oil. carbonaceous

Cleaning, overhaul, lubrication. Satisfactory functioning cannot be ensured unless the parts in contact with liquid are carefully cleaned before assembly. This applies particularly to seal rings, sliding surfaces, guiding and contact surfaces, and threads. Also take care that no burrs are knocked up on the metal parts when handling them. Follow the directions given in chapter 5.4 and 4.5

5.2 Operation Safety regulations In all centrifugal separators the bowl rotates at a very high speed, normally between 100 and l50 revolutions per second. Thus, very great forces are released and it is essential, therefore, to follow strictly the directions given in the Instruction Book concerning assembly of parts, starting, stopping and overhaul

6.2 Pumping considerations Since the rate of separation depends on the oil globule size it will be appreciated that any disintegration of oil globules in the oily feed to the separator should be avoided and this factor can be seriously affected by the type and rating of the pump used. Tests were carried out by a British government research establishment some years ago on the suitability of various pumps for separator feed duties (Double vane, Triple screw and Single vane )

6.5 Cleaning the Comyn oil/water Separater To clean out the separator ensure that all oil possible has been drawn off through the oil recovery valve and scum valve, and that the separator is full of water. Turn on steam to heating coil; also steaming out connection, and allow the separator to become thoroughly hot

（1) Subject to the provisions of regulations 10 and l1 of this Annex and paragraph (2) of this regulation, any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships to which this Annex applies shall be prohibited except when all the following conditions are satisfied a) for an oil tanker, except as provided for in subparagraph (b) of this paragraph :