Elasticity . . . … is a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions … allows us to analyze supply and demand with greater precision

The Costs of Taxation How do taxes affect the economic well- being of market participants?

Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. The Four Types of Market Structure Monopoly Oligopoly Monopolistic Competition Perfect Competition

Imperfect Competition Imperfect competition refers to those market structures that fall between perfect competition and pure monopoly

一 名词解释 每道 3 分 共 18 分 1. conditionality 2. divergence threshold 3. effective exchange rate 4. off-shore market 5. sterilization policy 6. currency swap

Commercial drivers Globalization trends Longer distances between producers and consumers Emerging markets, e.g. China, South America, Africa Lean manufacturing Focus on to eliminate waste, e.g. JIT Faster response to market demands

Arrow's disclosure paradox implies that information that is not afforded legal protection cannot be bought or sold on the market. This paper emphasizes the important relationship between the paradox of disclosure and the boundaries of the firm question. Only legally

This paper develops a model of the competition among states in providing corporate law rules. The analysis provides a full characterization of the equilibrium in this market Competition among states is shown to produce optimal rules with respect to issues that do not have a substantial effect on managers private benefits

Outline Flow of inventory cost Items and costs of merchandising inventory Assigning costs to inventory Lower of cost or market Errors in measuring inventory Inventory estimating method

7-1: The IS Relation in the open Economy 7-2: Equilibrium Output and the Trade Balance 7-3. Increases in Demand, Domestic or Foreign 7-4: Depreciation, the Trade Balance,and output 7-5: Looking at Dynamics: The J-Curve 7-6: Saving, Investment, and Trade Deficits