12.1 Introdu ctlery Maalmgial rer chel gineaning Procss mouelyses of Metaliucsak ruscters Peurpose: desin ond oporktim ophmiyt. Centents: optrkm chmnctnstics of reactor type od deviatie frem ider eues apeuts of eptrnhi pomotrs ehpicinty of + rector Drocais( LNErs m, prodv chivify etc.) Hinding opfmuom p6tmetens duign. rnctors 4findiny aphimum. porioutrs fr apeinpo mut be preinted ont that the splinum tenditieu for inodiviolud