清华大学出版社：《电力物联网工程技术原理与应用》教材PDF电子书（葛维春，前五章）.pdf_大学文库

前言当前，以物联网、云计算、移动通信、大数据、人工智能为代表的新信息技术正在飞速发展，驱动人类社会发展，并不断改变着社会生产和人们日常生活的方式。物联网是新一代信息技术的高度集成和综合运用，具有渗透性强、带动作用大、综合效益好的特点。推进物联网的应用和发展，有利于促进生产、生活和社会管理方式向智能化、精细化、网络化方向转变，对提高国民经济和社会生活信息化水平，提升社会管理和公共服务水平，增强相关学科发展和技术创新能力，推动产业结构调整和发展方式转变具有重要意义。目前，在全球范围内物联网正处于快速发展阶段，到2020年，世界“物物互联” 的业务与人类之间的业务之比，将达到30：1，仅在智能电网和机场防入侵系统方面的市场就有上千亿美元。因此，物联网被称为下一个万亿美元级的信息技术产业。经过多年发展，我国在物联网技术研发、标准研制、产业培育和行业应用等方面己初步具备一定基础，但也存在关键核心技术有待突破、产业基础薄弱、网络信息安全存在潜在隐患、一些地方出现盲目建设等问题，急需加强引导。电力行业是关系国计民生的基础行业，随着信息化和网络技术的发展，电力系统的信息化进程也得到了进一步发展。从早期的生产过程自动控制，到电力系统信息综合管理，再到“智能电网”的建设热潮，通过结合计算机技术、网络技术、自动化控制技术以及管理技术，电力系统在物理结构、物理性能、人员状况、经济管理等各方面的信息采集与控制技术日趋完善。电力物联网应用到智能电网中是现代电力通信技术发展的必然结果，通过对通信基础设施和电力系统基础设施等资源的整合，提高电力系统的信息化水平。为电发、输电、变电、配电、用电、调度等环节提供技术支撑，最终形成一个以电力设备为基础的高效电力网络平台一电力物联网。电力物联网本质上是一种提高电力信息可靠性、高效性的控制手段。物联网的核心能力是全面感知、可靠传送、智能处理，这三个方面恰恰也是智能电网一直追求的目标。电力物联网融合通信、传感、自动化、云计算等技术，在电力生产、输送、变电、配电、高度等各环节，采用各种智能设备和P标准协议，实现相关信息的安全可靠传输处理，从而实现电网运行和企业管理全过程的全景全息感知、互联互通及无缝整合，实现智能电网与物联网的全面融合。电力物联网工程技术原理与应用三校文前mdd1 2019/8/118:03:28

当前，以物联网、云计算、移动通信、大数据、人工智能为代表的新信息技术正在飞速发展，驱动人类社会发展，并不断改变着社会生产和人们日常生活的方式。物联网是新一代信息技术的高度集成和综合运用，具有渗透性强、带动作用大、综合效益好的特点。推进物联网的应用和发展，有利于促进生产、生活和社会管理方式向智能化、精细化、网络化方向转变，对提高国民经济和社会生活信息化水平，提升社会管理和公共服务水平，增强相关学科发展和技术创新能力，推动产业结构调整和发展方式转变具有重要意义。目前，在全球范围内物联网正处于快速发展阶段，到 2020 年，世界“物物互联” 的业务与人类之间的业务之比，将达到 30 ∶ 1，仅在智能电网和机场防入侵系统方面的市场就有上千亿美元。因此，物联网被称为下一个万亿美元级的信息技术产业。经过多年发展，我国在物联网技术研发、标准研制、产业培育和行业应用等方面已初步具备一定基础，但也存在关键核心技术有待突破、产业基础薄弱、网络信息安全存在潜在隐患、一些地方出现盲目建设等问题，急需加强引导。电力行业是关系国计民生的基础行业，随着信息化和网络技术的发展，电力系统的信息化进程也得到了进一步发展。从早期的生产过程自动控制，到电力系统信息综合管理，再到 “智能电网”的建设热潮，通过结合计算机技术、网络技术、自动化控制技术以及管理技术，电力系统在物理结构、物理性能、人员状况、经济管理等各方面的信息采集与控制技术日趋完善。电力物联网应用到智能电网中是现代电力通信技术发展的必然结果，通过对通信基础设施和电力系统基础设施等资源的整合，提高电力系统的信息化水平。为电发、输电、变电、配电、用电、调度等环节提供技术支撑，最终形成一个以电力设备为基础的高效电力网络平台——电力物联网。电力物联网本质上是一种提高电力信息可靠性、高效性的控制手段。物联网的核心能力是全面感知、可靠传送、智能处理，这三个方面恰恰也是智能电网一直追求的目标。电力物联网融合通信、传感、自动化、云计算等技术，在电力生产、输送、变电、配电、高度等各环节，采用各种智能设备和 IP 标准协议，实现相关信息的安全可靠传输处理，从而实现电网运行和企业管理全过程的全景全息感知、互联互通及无缝整合，实现智能电网与物联网的全面融合。前言电力物联网工程技术原理与应用三校文前.indd 1 2019/8/1 18:03:28

电力物联网工程技术原理与应用本书作者基于主持和参与的国家、省及国家电网公司等二十余项重大科技项目，大胆探索，组织对科研成果进行规模化工程应用，建立运行维护规程，制定相关技术标准，做好技术跟踪完善，在输电线路故障精准测距、电网动态无功补偿、变电站智能化、提高电网输送能力等关键技术上实现了重大突破，取得了一系列具有国际、国内领先水平的科研成果，本着力求反映电力物联网工程技术的最新发展和理论与工程实践相结合的原则而编写了本书。本书的突出特点是结合重大科研项目和重大电力系统自动化与信息化工程研究，运用信息化与物联网工程技术理论，全面分析国内外能源电力物联网工程技术研究现状与发展趋势、我国能源电力物联网应用工程技术发展特点，总结电力物联网工程技术理论与实际大量成果。本书通过电力物联网工程技术实际案例，针对电力信息化与物联网工程领域存在的问题，提出了相应的解决方案。读者通过本书既可以学习电力物联网工程理论和基础知识，也可以通过大量实例掌握电力物联网工程组织、管理和技术实现方法。本书是一本电力物联网工程技术原理与应用的工具书，可作为高等院校、能源电力等行业的教材，也可以作为企事业单位从事电力物联网工程相关人员的参考用书。衷心感谢国家电网公司科技部和信通部、中国电力科学研究院、国网电力科学研究院、哈尔滨工业大学、辽宁省电力有限公司领导和专家的指导帮助，衷心感谢辽宁省电力有限公司有关部门、基层各单位同志的大力支持，衷心感谢辽宁省电力有限公司享受 ⊕ 国务院特殊津贴专家、辽宁省优秀专家、教授级高级工程师潘明惠博士对本书编撰、出版给予的指导和帮助。由于时间仓促，作者水平有限，书中难免有不妥之处，敬请读者批评指正。葛维春 2019年3月电力物联网工程技术原理与应用三校文前mdd2 Φ 2019/8/118:03:28

II 电力物联网工程技术原理与应用本书作者基于主持和参与的国家、省及国家电网公司等二十余项重大科技项目，大胆探索，组织对科研成果进行规模化工程应用，建立运行维护规程，制定相关技术标准，做好技术跟踪完善，在输电线路故障精准测距、电网动态无功补偿、变电站智能化、提高电网输送能力等关键技术上实现了重大突破，取得了一系列具有国际、国内领先水平的科研成果，本着力求反映电力物联网工程技术的最新发展和理论与工程实践相结合的原则而编写了本书。本书的突出特点是结合重大科研项目和重大电力系统自动化与信息化工程研究，运用信息化与物联网工程技术理论，全面分析国内外能源电力物联网工程技术研究现状与发展趋势、我国能源电力物联网应用工程技术发展特点，总结电力物联网工程技术理论与实际大量成果。本书通过电力物联网工程技术实际案例，针对电力信息化与物联网工程领域存在的问题，提出了相应的解决方案。读者通过本书既可以学习电力物联网工程理论和基础知识，也可以通过大量实例掌握电力物联网工程组织、管理和技术实现方法。本书是一本电力物联网工程技术原理与应用的工具书，可作为高等院校、能源电力等行业的教材，也可以作为企事业单位从事电力物联网工程相关人员的参考用书。衷心感谢国家电网公司科技部和信通部、中国电力科学研究院、国网电力科学研究院、哈尔滨工业大学、辽宁省电力有限公司领导和专家的指导帮助，衷心感谢辽宁省电力有限公司有关部门、基层各单位同志的大力支持，衷心感谢辽宁省电力有限公司享受国务院特殊津贴专家、辽宁省优秀专家、教授级高级工程师潘明惠博士对本书编撰、出版给予的指导和帮助。由于时间仓促，作者水平有限，书中难免有不妥之处，敬请读者批评指正。葛维春 2019 年 3 月电力物联网工程技术原理与应用三校文前.indd 2 2019/8/1 18:03:28

目录第1章绪论 ································································································ 1 1.1 背景与意义 ·············································································· 2 1.2 国内外物联网工程技术发展历程及趋势 ······································ 4 1.2.1 国际物联网工程技术发展历程及趋势 ····························································4 1.2.2 我国物联网工程技术发展历程及趋势 ····························································7 1.3 我国电力物联网工程技术发展历程及主要任务 ························· 10 1.3.1 我国电力物联网工程技术发展历程及趋势 ··················································10 1.3.2 国家推进物联网工程技术发展的主要任务 ··················································12 1.4 电力物联网系统工程面临的新形势与新挑战 ····························· 18 1.4.1 电力物联网工程技术发展面临的新形势 ······················································18 1.4.2 电力物联网工程技术面临的新挑战 ·····························································19 1.4.3 电力物联网工程技术主要研究方向 ·····························································23 第2章电力物联网工程技术基础理论 ··············································· 26 2.1 信息化工程基本理论 ······························································· 27 2.1.1 社会发展系统动力学原理模型 ·····································································27 2.1.2 信息化是现代人类社会发展的必然趋势 ······················································28 2.1.3 大数据基本概念 ···························································································32 2.1.4 物联网工程技术主要应用领域 ·····································································34 2.2 电力物联网工程技术基础理论 ················································· 37 2.2.1 电力物联网工程技术基本概念 ·····································································37 2.2.2 智能电网具备物联网工程技术基本特性 ······················································38 2.2.3 电力物联网技术应用智能电网 ·····································································41 电力物联网工程技术原理与应用三校文前.indd 3 2019/8/1 18:03:28

IV 电力物联网工程技术原理与应用 2.2.4 机器人传感器的类别及应用原理 ·································································44 2.3 能源物联网工程技术基本理论 ················································· 48 2.3.1 能源物联网基本概念 ····················································································48 2.3.2 国家推动能源互联网发展总体要求 ·····························································52 2.3.3 推动能源互联网发展的重点任务 ·································································53 第3章电力物联网工程技术基础知识 ··············································· 60 3.1 电力物联网工程技术基本概念 ················································· 61 3.1.1 物联网工程技术基本概念 ············································································61 3.1.2 新一代 5G 移动通信技术 ·············································································63 3.1.3 互联网与物联网比较分析 ············································································67 3.1.4 智慧城市的含义及其新技术·········································································68 3.2 电力物联网工程技术基础知识 ················································· 69 3.2.1 智能电网概念及主要特点 ············································································69 3.2.2 微电网、微能源网与能源互联网 ·································································73 3.2.3 基于物联网的电力系统发展分析 ·································································76 3.3 区块链技术和应用基础知识 ····················································· 80 3.3.1 区块链技术发展路径及生态·········································································80 3.3.2 国内外区块链技术发展现状·········································································85 3.3.3 区块链与新一代信息技术 ············································································87 3.3.4 区块链技术典型应用领域 ············································································89 第4章智能变电站物联网工程技术与应用 ······································ 93 4.1 智能变电站物联网工程技术基本原理 ······································· 94 4.1.1 智能化变电站概述 ·······················································································94 4.1.2 智能化变电站的物联系统结构 ·····································································96 4.1.3 智能变电站实现综合智能化通信模型 ··························································99 4.2 智能变电站实施物联智能化方法 ············································ 100 4.2.1 智能变电站保护控制系统物联集成方法 ···················································· 100 4.2.2 实时仿真数据的保护控制系统测试平台 ···················································· 108 4.2.3 智能变电站信息流的确定性特征 ······························································· 114 4.2.4 智能变电站信息网络安全防护技术 ··························································· 117 4.3 智能变电站物联网技术应用案例分析 ····································· 121 4.3.1 智能变电站一次设备物联网系统 ······························································· 121 电力物联网工程技术原理与应用三校文前.indd 4 2019/8/1 18:03:28

目录 V 4.3.2 智能变电站二次设备物联网系统 ······························································· 124 4.3.3 智能变电站综合物联系统 ·········································································· 132 第5章输电线路物联网感知工程技术与应用 ································ 140 5.1 输电线路物联网感知技术基础知识 ········································ 141 5.1.1 输电线路物联网感知技术基本概念 ··························································· 141 5.1.2 国内外输电线路物联网感知技术发展综述 ················································ 143 5.1.3 电力系统基本概念及主要特点 ··································································· 145 5.1.4 输电线路运检故障分析与防治方法 ··························································· 147 5.2 输电线路物联网感知技术设计 ··············································· 151 5.2.1 物联网 LoRa 通信技术设计 ······································································· 151 5.2.2 物联网监测设备智能化技术设计 ······························································· 154 5.2.3 物联网输电线路在线监测技术设计 ··························································· 157 5.2.4 物联网监控云平台技术设计······································································· 161 5.3 输电线路物联网感知技术研究与案例分析 ······························ 165 5.3.1 输电线路感知技术应用研究总体技术路线 ················································ 165 5.3.2 输电线路的 LoRa 广域物联通信技术研究 ················································· 166 5.3.3 输电线路监测设备智能化技术研究 ··························································· 169 5.3.4 输电线路传感物联监控云平台技术研究 ···················································· 173 第6章供用电物联网通信工程技术与应用 ···································· 180 6.1 供用电物联网通信工程基础知识 ············································ 181 6.1.1 智能供用电网物联网通信体系基本概念 ···················································· 181 6.1.2 供用电通信网网络基本功能及特点 ··························································· 183 6.1.3 电力数据通信网络的规划与应用 ······························································· 186 6.1.4 电力营销系统市场化发展战略 ··································································· 188 6.2 智能供用电物联网通信工程技术设计 ····································· 189 6.2.1 面向智能电网的电力通信网络规划设计 ···················································· 189 6.2.2 异构多源特征的营配信息管控平台设计 ···················································· 192 6.2.3 智能电力营销一体化模型设计 ··································································· 195 6.2.4 空间大数据前端展现技术原理 ··································································· 200 6.3 智能供用电物联网工程技术应用案例 ····································· 203 6.3.1 电力营销系统市场化发展战略重点任务 ···················································· 203 6.3.2 智能电能表全过程质量综合评价技术应用 ················································ 208 电力物联网工程技术原理与应用三校文前.indd 5 2019/8/1 18:03:28

VI 电力物联网工程技术原理与应用 6.3.3 电力通信系统中的软交换技术的应用 ························································ 212 6.3.4 多介质融合的智能配用电网通信关键技术应用 ········································· 214 第7章配电系统物联网工程技术与应用 ········································ 219 7.1 配电系统物联网工程技术基础知识 ········································ 220 7.1.1 配电物联网设计技术的基本概念 ······························································· 220 7.1.2 配电网综合自动化系统技术基础 ······························································· 221 7.1.3 配电网规划设计技术基础知识 ··································································· 226 7.1.4 国家配电网建设改造行动计划重点任务 ···················································· 227 7.2 配电系统物联网技术实施方法 ··············································· 229 7.2.1 电力系统负荷预测技术及方法 ··································································· 230 7.2.2 配电网现状问题诊断及发展水平评价 ························································ 234 7.2.3 智能配电物联网通信组网技术 ··································································· 237 7.3 配电系统物联网工程实际案例分析 ········································ 239 7.3.1 配电物联网自动化通信协议设计应用 ························································ 239 7.3.2 配电网系统网架结构设计应用 ··································································· 242 7.3.3 配电物联网自动化技术设计应用 ······························································· 247 7.3.4 配电网物联系统用户接入设计应用 ··························································· 250 第8章电网 GIS 物联网工程技术与应用 ······································ 256 8.1 电网 GIS 物联网工程技术基本原理 ········································ 257 8.1.1 电网 GIS 物联网工程技术基本概念 ··························································· 257 8.1.2 “北斗”卫星导航系统与地理信息系统 ···················································· 258 8.1.3 空间位置信息采录与数据采集整理 ··························································· 264 8.1.4 基于电网 GIS 物联网配电专业应用方法 ··················································· 266 8.2 电网 GIS 物联网工程技术设计方法 ········································ 272 8.2.1 电网 GIS 输配电物联网系统一体化 ··························································· 272 8.2.2 网络三维 GIS 与电网工程数字化设计移交系统 ········································ 276 8.2.3 电网 GIS 物联网信息安全架构设计方法 ··················································· 279 8.2.4 电网 GIS 与配电自动化系统集成设计方法 ················································ 282 8.3 辽宁电网 GIS 空间信息服务平台建设案例 ····························· 285 8.3.1 电网 GIS 建设目标及原则 ·········································································· 285 8.3.2 电网 GIS 基础数据准备方案 ······································································ 287 8.3.3 电网 GIS 总体功能框架 ············································································· 289 电力物联网工程技术原理与应用三校文前.indd 6 2019/8/1 18:03:28

目录 VII 8.3.4 电网 GIS 物联网系统主要应用功能 ··························································· 290 第9章无线移动通信物联网工程技术与应用 ································ 295 9.1 无线移动通信物联网工程技术基本原理 ·································· 296 9.1.1 无线移动通信技术基本概念······································································· 296 9.1.2 三网融合的感知与控制物联网系统平台 ···················································· 299 9.1.3 光纤通信技术概念及主要特点 ··································································· 302 9.1.4 多表合一集抄系统的关键网络技术 ··························································· 304 9.2 无线移动通信物联网工程技术方法 ········································ 307 9.2.1 面向输变配用的传感网关键技术方法 ························································ 307 9.2.2 传感网接入 TD 网关键技术研究与装置····················································· 313 9.2.3 面向电网安全监控与信息互动的智能传感装置 ········································· 315 9.2.4 面向电网安全监控与信息互动的信息处理技术 ········································· 331 9.3 无线移动通信物联网示范工程应用案例 ·································· 336 9.3.1 220kV 输电线路物联网线监测示范应用 ···················································· 336 9.3.2 何家 220kV 智能变电站在线监测示范应用 ··············································· 343 9.3.3 配电线路物联网系统在线示范应用 ··························································· 347 9.3.4 电力营销信息物联网系统在线示范应用 ···················································· 351 第 10 章电力人工智能物联网工程技术与应用 ····························· 355 10.1 电力人工智能物联网工程技术基本原理 ································ 356 10.1.1 人工智能物联网工程技术基本概念 ························································· 356 10.1.2 电力人工智能物联网工程技术与应用 ······················································ 359 10.1.3 我国人工智能应用与生态发展分析 ························································· 364 10.2 国家新一代人工智能发展战略 ············································· 367 10.2.1 新一代人工智能技术国家发展战略 ························································· 367 10.2.2 加快新时期人工智能发展重点任务 ························································· 371 10.2.3 新时期人工智能技术四大攻关领域 ························································· 379 10.3 电力人工智能物联网应用技术展望 ······································ 381 10.3.1 运检人工智能物联网技术应用 ································································· 381 10.3.2 运行控制人工智能物联网技术应用 ························································· 387 10.3.3 供用电服务人工智能物联网技术应用 ······················································ 390 参考文献 ··································································································· 393 电力物联网工程技术原理与应用三校文前.indd 7 2019/8/1 18:03:28