1. The B-DNA structure found in solution is a A right-handed double helix of antiparallel chains (11 bp/turn) B left-handed double helix of antiparallel chains (~10 bp/turn) C right-handed double helix of antiparallel chains (~10 bp/turn). D left-handed zig-zag helix of antiparallel chains(12 bp/turn)
Gene mutation and evolution Gradual accumulation of mutations over long periods of time results in new biological species, each with a unique DNA sequence. Mutations and stabilization of mutations to new species. Charles Darwin: Unifying evolution theory-the origin of species from a common ancestor
1. General studies of the peptide bond 1.1 The peptide(O=C-N-H) bond was found to be shorter than the C-N bond in a simple amine and atoms attached are coplanar. 1.1.1 This was revealed by X-ray diffraction studies of amino acids and of simple dipeptides and tripeptides. 1.1.2 The peptide (amide) bond was found to be about 1.32 A (C-N single bond, 1.49; C= double bond, 1.27), thus having partial double bond feature (should be rigid and unable to rotate freely)
The BIOTOL team This series of books has been developed through a collaboration between the Open universiteit of the OPEN UNIVERSITEIT, THE NETHERLANDS Netherlands and University of Green wich (formerly Thames Polytechnic)to provide a whole Prof M C E. van Dam-Mieras library of advanced level fle rof w. H. de jeu exible learning Prof ]. de vries
Preface The BIOTOL series of texts are designed to provide a self-study resource concerning the principles, practices and applications of biotechnology. This text is designed to explain how biotechnology may be applied to solve problems encountered in the production and use of organic chemicals in a wide range of business sectors
