ucleus The central DNA ESLeREEAOEs 1. Transcription dogma RNA 2. Posttranscription MRNA A Nuclear membrane mRNA 3. Translation 8 pc 4. Posttranslation Protein folds O Effector 5. Protein activity Y Active protein Function
The central dogma
Relationships of dna to mrnA to polypeptide chain DNA strand that has the same sequence as mRNA ACTGCCCATGGGGCTCAGCGACGGGGAATGGCACTTGGTG DNA TGACGGGTACCCCGAGTCGCTGCCCCTTACCGTGAACCAC DNA strand that is complementary to mRNA The mRNA is synthesized by copying this strand mRNA ACUGCACCAUGGGGCUCAGCGACGGGGAAUGGCACUUGGUG Untranslated Initiation Codons Messenger RNA section signal Protein Met Gly, Leu Ser Asp - Gly -Glu. Trp His Leu . Val Methionine is cleaved during N-terminus of finished protein or after translation in this protein
Relationships of DNA to mRNA to polypeptide chain
The basic principle of transcription NA comras 0 DNA ⊥L TT DNA/RNA pairing TrT5' Ribonucleotides RNA
The basic principle of transcription
The basic principle of translation Free Protein chain of amIno acids A tRNAs carrying amino acids tRNA Codon Messenger RNA Direction for these ribosome amIno advance acids
The basic principle of translation
Gene mutation and evolution Gradual accumulation of mutations over long periods of time results in new biological species, each with a unique dna sequence. Mutations and stabilization of mutations to new species Charles darwin: Unifying evolution theory-the origin of species from a common ancestor
Gene mutation and evolution Gradual accumulation of mutations over long periods of time results in new biological species, each with a unique DNA sequence. Mutations and stabilization of mutations to new species. Charles Darwin: Unifying evolution theory-the origin of species from a common ancestor
D ynamic cells
Dynamic Cells
Gene mutation and evolution Gradual accumulation of mutations over long periods of time results in new biological species, each with a unique dna sequence. Mutations and stabilization of mutations to new species Charles darwin: Unifying evolution theory-the origin of species from a common ancestor
Gene mutation and evolution Gradual accumulation of mutations over long periods of time results in new biological species, each with a unique DNA sequence. Mutations and stabilization of mutations to new species. Charles Darwin: Unifying evolution theory-the origin of species from a common ancestor
A mammalian cell Microfilament Centriole Nucleus Ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum Mitoc hondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosome
A mammalian cell
a plant cell Cewa‖
A plant cell
Ribosomes. Bacterial ribosomes are smaller than protein, ribosomes, but serve the same function- eukary ynthesis from an RNA message. Nucleoid Contains a single simple, long circular DNA molecule Pili Provide points of adhesion to a bacterial face of' .anima cells ce Flavell Propel cell through its surroundings. Cell envelope Structure varies with different ty of bacteria
A bacterial cell