4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Structure and Composition of Fat 4.3 The Physical Properties of Fat 4.4 The Chemical Properties of Fat 4.5 Quality Evaluation of Fat and Oil 4.6 Chemistry in Processing of Fat and Oil 4.7 Complex Lipids and Derivative Lipids 4.8 The Determination of Fats in Food 4.1.1 定义 4.1.2 脂类的共同特征 4.1.3 分类 4.1.4 脂质在食品中的功能 4.2 脂肪的结构 (Structure of Fats) 4.2.1 脂肪的结构 4.2.2 脂肪酸的命名 4.2.3 三酰基甘油命名 4.2.4 食用油脂的脂肪酸组成和营养价值 4.3 脂肪的物理性质 4.3.1 气味和色泽（Smell and Colour） 4.3.2 熔点和沸点 4.3.3 折射率 4.3.4 三酰基甘油的溶解度 4.3.5 三酰基甘油的黏度 4.3.6 三酰基甘油的密度 4.3.7 烟点、闪点和着火点 4.3.8 晶体结构和稠度 4.3.9 熔融特性 （Melting properties） 4.3.10 油脂的塑性 4.3.11 油脂的乳化和乳化剂 4.4.1 脂类的水解 4.4.2 脂类的氧化 4.4.3 油脂在高温下的化学反应 4.4.4 辐解 4.5 油脂的质量评价 4.6 油脂的加工化学 4.6.1 油脂的精炼 4.6.2 油脂的改性 4.7.1 定义 4.7.2 磷脂 4.7.3 类固醇 4.7.4 脂肪替代物 4.8 食品中脂肪含量的测定

油脂的同质多晶现象；油脂中常见乳化剂的乳化原理；油脂自动氧化的自由基反应历程的机理，酚类及类胡萝卜素的抗氧化机理；油脂加工的化学原理和方法；食品中脂肪含量的测定，脂肪过氧化值、酸价的测定。 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Structure and Composition of Fat 4.3 The Physical Properties of Fat 4.4 The Chemical Properties of Fat 4.5 Quality Evaluation of Fat and Oil 4.6 Chemistry in Processing of Fat and Oil 4.7 Complex Lipids and Derivative Lipids 4.8 The Determination of Fats in Food

6.6 Coalescing bed-type oily water separators The coalesce is capable of forming oil globules up to l2 mm diameter and the heavier fuel oils usually form long 'stalagmites' which grow to a considerable size before they are released. Because of the 1ow velocities employed the collected oil can flow past the water screen without becoming re-entrained and carried through into the outlet

General Operating Procedure Before pumping oily water into the separator it is important that the separator is completely filled with clean water, either direct from the sea or through the filling valve provided for this purpose. It is essential to keep the lower internal surfaces and outer chamber from becoming coated with oil

6.2 Pumping considerations Since the rate of separation depends on the oil globule size it will be appreciated that any disintegration of oil globules in the oily feed to the separator should be avoided and this factor can be seriously affected by the type and rating of the pump used. Tests were carried out by a British government research establishment some years ago on the suitability of various pumps for separator feed duties (Double vane, Triple screw and Single vane )

（1) Subject to the provisions of regulations 10 and l1 of this Annex and paragraph (2) of this regulation, any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships to which this Annex applies shall be prohibited except when all the following conditions are satisfied a) for an oil tanker, except as provided for in subparagraph (b) of this paragraph :

Significant features: DVZ - JET WASH oil drainage Self-cleaning with sea water using a reversible pump Automatic electrode cleaning DBGM 8404946 Utilization of the adhesion tendency of oil to aid separation

The only difference between a fat and an edible oil is that at ambient temperature a fat is semi-solid, and appears more or less firm to the touch, and an oil is liquid. They are both of similar general chemical composition. Edible oils are completely different in chemical form to mineral oils that are used as fuels or for lubrication. Most mineral oils are hazardous to human health and should not be even a small

I. Explain the italicized words or phrases in the following sentences. (20%) 1. Ancient girders creak and groan, ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can

一、石油的概念 石油(又称原油)-crude oil:一种存在于地下岩石孔隙介质中的由各种碳氢 化合物与杂质组成的,呈液态和稠态的油脂状天然可燃有机矿产。 组成石油的成分非常复杂,根据其不同的特性,可分为元素组成、馏分组成、组 分组成和化合物组成,三者有相互关系;依据石油中各种结构类型化合物的含量,可对石 油进行分类;不同环境下生成的石油,比如海陆相石油的特征有明显的区别;石油没有固 定的成分,因此石油没有确定的物理参数,石油的物理性质取决于它的化学组成