《高级英语试卷》试题(八).doc_大学文库

高级英语试题(八) I. Explain the italicized or phrases in the following sentences. (20%) 1. Ancient girders creak an ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can 2. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard,. while the great bales of merchandise they have carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them 3. Ancient girders creak and groan, ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, 5. Ancient girders creak and groan, ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can 6. Quickly the trickle bece a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting. 7. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children pla 8. We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose 9. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime 10. His invasion of Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted ivasion of the british 11. The words spat forth with sudden savagery, all pretense of blandness gone 12. The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly 13. As the Duke of Croydon shifted uneasily, the house detective's bulbous countenance 4. She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now 15. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. 16. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff 17. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of 18. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school 19. He flew to marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy people 20. When a cow comes nibbling arpund the edge of the yard she snaps it and me and Maggie and the house IL. Selecting the best answer based on language points from the textbook(20%) 1. She was almost blinded by the glare of the headlights from the approaching car a. coldness bright 2. The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had

1 高级英语试题（八） I. Explain the italicized words or phrases in the following sentences. (20%) 1. Ancient girders creak and groan, ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. 2. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, …while the great bales of merchandise they have carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them. 3. Ancient girders creak and groan, ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. 4. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, … 5. Ancient girders creak and groan, ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. 6. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, … 7. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play. 8. We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. 9. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. 10. His invasion of Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted invasion of the British Isles. 11. The words spat forth with sudden savagery, all pretense of blandness gone. 12. The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly. 13. As the Duke of Croydon shifted uneasily, the house detective’s bulbous countenance reddened. 14. She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. 15. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. 16. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. 17. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of. 18. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school. 19. He flew to marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy people. 20. When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snaps it and me and Maggie and the house. II. Selecting the best answer based on language points from the textbook (20%) 1．She was almost blinded by the glare of the headlights from the approaching car. a. coldness b. darkness c. brightness d. hotness 2. The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had

7 seem quite unnatural. 7. The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly. 8. The important thing was to consider all eventualities. 9. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied--- a cosmos. 10. Casually he debunked revered artists and art treasures, and took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land. IV. Error Correction（10%）要求：下面的段落中有 10 处错误，这些错误没有标出来（第一处错误已用斜体字标出并给出答案）。请找出并改正错误,依次将正确答案填写在答题纸上。如果某个词前面缺少一个词，请将缺少的词和这个词同时写在答案上。 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that angry hostile feelings will lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger open in a calm reasonable way. Others explode with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. Doctors said that repressing these feeling will only make them continue. And these can lead to many medical problems. Doctors thought a person could prevent these problems from letting the anger out by expressing it freely. But recently some doctors disputed this. They said that people who express anger repeatedly and explosively did become, in fact, more and not less angry. They said these two can cause medical problems. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger intensively may be more like to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep his anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humorous in the situation that has made you angry. They say that laughter is very healthier than anger. V. Chinese-to-English Translation (15%) 中文原文：

今天是国际禁毒日。我们高兴地看到,世界各国正携起手来向毒品宣战。16天前,联合国大会结束了为期三天的世界反毒品特别会议,从而开始了规模空前的全球反毒品战。人类将要迎接一个新的千年,解决毒品问题显得越来越紧迫。尽管许多国家加强了反毒品的力度°,可是毒品市场的泛滥状况( rampant spread)越来越严重。据估计,全球毒品的贸易额已达到每年4000亿美元之巨。吸毒者约占全世界人口的3%统计数据表明,每年全世界死于毒品者达10万人之多,另外还有1000万吸毒者丧失工作能力。毒品问题直接关系到社会稳定与安全,关系到全人类的命运。世界各国都应该充分意识到反毒品任务的紧迫性( urgency),要采取切实有效的措施扫除毒魔~。中国政府始终十分关注毒品问题,并通过法律、政治、行政、经济、文化、教育和其他手段来综合治理"吸毒者。最近在北京举办的全国反毒品展览会已吸引了50万参观者。展览会的目的是揭露毒品对社会和家庭造成的危越来越多的人,尤其是年轻人,他们或出于无知,或为了寻求刺激,或受到其他吸毒者的影响,成了毒品的牺牲者。在全国登记在案的吸毒人员中,80%为年轻人。因此,中国的反毒战任重道远我们首先要做的是提高人们对毒品危害的认识,给吸毒者以更多的帮助, 使他们戒除不良习惯,实施更加严厉的法规打击毒品犯罪行为。我们希望各国政府在国际反毒合作中担负起应有责任,为我们的子孙后代创造一个无毒的世界 ①国际禁毒日: International Day Against Drug Abuse nd illicit trafficking ②携起手来: join hands ③加强力度: enhance efforts ④吸毒者: drug takers drug addicts ⑤扫除毒魔: wipe out the evil of drug ⑥治理: deal with; handle ⑦揭露: disclose, expose ⑧登记在案: register ⑨戒除: get rid of ⑩担负起应有责任:take due responsibilities VL. Reading Comprehension(15%) Passage 1 Questions 1-8 Potash(the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis( the other being soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap the former being the product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass or soap making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potash

8 今天是国际禁毒日①。我们高兴地看到，世界各国正携起手来②向毒品宣战。16 天前，联合国大会结束了为期三天的世界反毒品特别会议，从而开始了规模空前的全球反毒品战。人类将要迎接一个新的千年，解决毒品问题显得越来越紧迫。尽管许多国家加强了反毒品的力度③，可是毒品市场的泛滥状况(rampant spread)越来越严重。据估计，全球毒品的贸易额已达到每年 4000 亿美元之巨。吸毒者④约占全世界人口的 3%。统计数据表明，每年全世界死于毒品者达 10 万人之多，另外还有 1000 万吸毒者丧失工作能力。毒品问题直接关系到社会稳定与安全，关系到全人类的命运。世界各国都应该充分意识到反毒品任务的紧迫性(urgency)，要采取切实有效的措施扫除毒魔⑤。中国政府始终十分关注毒品问题，并通过法律、政治、行政、经济、文化、教育和其他手段来综合治理⑥吸毒者。最近在北京举办的全国反毒品展览会已吸引了 50 万参观者。展览会的目的是揭露⑦毒品对社会和家庭造成的危害。越来越多的人，尤其是年轻人，他们或出于无知，或为了寻求刺激，或受到其他吸毒者的影响，成了毒品的牺牲者。在全国登记在案⑧的吸毒人员中，80%为年轻人。因此，中国的反毒战任重道远。我们首先要做的是提高人们对毒品危害的认识，给吸毒者以更多的帮助，使他们戒除⑨不良习惯，实施更加严厉的法规打击毒品犯罪行为。我们希望各国政府在国际反毒合作中担负起应有责任⑩，为我们的子孙后代创造一个无毒的世界。 ①国际禁毒日：International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking ②携起手来：join hands ③加强力度:enhance efforts ④吸毒者:drug takers; drug addicts ⑤扫除毒魔：wipe out the evil of drug ⑥治理：deal with; handle ⑦揭露:disclose; expose ⑧登记在案: register ⑨戒除: get rid of ⑩担负起应有责任：take due responsibilities VI. Reading Comprehension (15%) Passage 1 Questions 1-8 Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass or soap making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potash

from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlers of the north American continent The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy of olonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for the glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs were piled up and burned in the open, d the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land for agriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recovered y the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts"to encourage the making of potash beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of the 1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss? A. How it B. Its value as a product for export C. How it differs from other alkalis D. Its importance in colonial North America. 2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXCEPT A. They are alkalis B. They are made from sea plants C. They are used in making soap. D. They are used in making glass 3. The word"interchangeable" in line 6 is closest in meaning to A convenient B. identifiable D advantageous 4. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda in colonial North America because A. the materials needed for making soda were not readily available B. making potash required less time than making soda C. potash was better than soda for making glass and soap D. the colonial glassworks found soda more difficult to use 5. According to paragraph 4, all of the following were needed for making potash EXCEPT B. fire 6. The word"adjunct in line 19 is closest in meaning to B C problem D. possibili 7. According to the passage, a major benefit of making potash was that

9 from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlers of the North American continent. The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy of colonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for the glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making. The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs were piled up and burned in the open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash. In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land for agriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recovered by the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts "to encourage the making of potash," beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of the substance. 1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss? A. How it was made. B. Its value as a product for export. C. How it differs from other alkalis. D. Its importance in colonial North America. 2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXCEPT: A. They are alkalis. B. They are made from sea plants. C. They are used in making soap. D. They are used in making glass. 3. The word “interchangeable” in line 6 is closest in meaning to A. convenient. B. identifiable. C. equivalent. D. advantageous. 4. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda in colonial North America because A. the materials needed for making soda were not readily available. B. making potash required less time than making soda. C. potash was better than soda for making glass and soap. D. the colonial glassworks found soda more difficult to use. 5. According to paragraph 4, all of the following were needed for making potash EXCEPT A. wood. B. fire. C. sand. D. water. 6. The word “adjunct” in line 19 is closest in meaning to A. addition. B. answer. C. problem. D. possibility. 7. According to the passage, a major benefit of making potash was that

A. it could be exported to Europe in exchange for other goods B. it helped finance the creation of farms C. it could be made with a variety of materials D it stimulated the development of new ways of glassmaking 8. According to paragraph 5, the softwoods in the South posed which of the following problems for southern settlers? A. The softwoods were not very plentiful B. The softwoods could not be used to build houses C. The softwoods were not very marketable D. The softwoods were not very useful for making potash Passage 2 Questions 9-15 So it's 1997, and it's raining, and you'll have to walk to work again. The subways are crowded, and any given train breaks down one morning out of five. The buses are gone, and on a day like today the bicycles slosh and slide. Besides, you have only a mile and a half to go, and you ave boots, raincoat and rain hat. And it's not a very cold rain, so why not? Lucky you have a job in demolition too. It's steady work. Slow and dirty, but steady. The fading structures of a decaying city are the great mineral mines and hardware shops of the nation Break them down and reuse the parts. Coal is too difficult to dig up and transport to give us energy in the amounts we need; nuclear fission is judged to be too dangerous; the technical breakthrough toward nuclear fusion that we hoped for never took place, and solar batteries are too expensive to maintain on the earth's surface in sufficient quantit Anyone older than ten can remember automobiles. They dwindled. At first the price of gasoline climbed - way up. Finally, only the well-to-do drove, and that was too clear an indication that they were filthy rich, so any automobile that dared show itself on a city street was overturned and burned. Rationing was introduced to"equalize sacrifice", but every three months the ration was reduced. The cars just vanished and became part of the metal resource There are many advantages, if you want to look for them. Our 1997 newspapers continually point them out The air is cleaner and there seem to be fewer colds. Against most predictions, the crime rate has dropped. With the police car too expensive(and too easy a target), policemen are back on their beats. More important, the streets are full. Legs are king in the cities of 1997, and eople walk everywhere far into the night. Even the parks are full, and there is mutual protection in crowds If the weather isn't too cold, people sit out front. If it is hot, the open air is the only air onditioning they get. And at least the street lights still burn. Indoors, electricity is scarce, and few people can afford to keep lights burning after supper. As for the winter---well, it is inconvenient to be cold. with most of what furnace fuel is allowed hoarded for the dawn. but sweaters are popular indoor wear and showers are not an everyday luxury. Lukewarm sponge baths will do, and if the air is not always very fragrant in the human vicinity, the automobile fumes are gone There is some consolation in the city that it is worse in the suburbs. The suburbs were born with the auto, lived with the auto, and are dying with the auto. One way out for the suburbanites is to form associations that assign turns to the procurement and distribution of food. Pushcarts creak from house to house along the posh suburban roads, and every bad snowstorm is a disaster. It isn't

10 A. it could be exported to Europe in exchange for other goods. B. it helped finance the creation of farms. C. it could be made with a variety of materials. D. it stimulated the development of new ways of glassmaking. 8. According to paragraph 5, the softwoods in the South posed which of the following problems for southern settlers? A. The softwoods were not very plentiful. B. The softwoods could not be used to build houses. C. The softwoods were not very marketable. D. The softwoods were not very useful for making potash. Passage 2 Questions 9-15 So it's 1997, and it's raining, and you'll have to walk to work again. The subways are crowded, and any given train breaks down one morning out of five. The buses are gone, and on a day like today the bicycles slosh and slide. Besides, you have only a mile and a half to go, and you have boots, raincoat and rain hat. And it's not a very cold rain, so why not? Lucky you have a job in demolition too. It's steady work. Slow and dirty, but steady. The fading structures of a decaying city are the great mineral mines and hardware shops of the nation. Break them down and reuse the parts. Coal is too difficult to dig up and transport to give us energy in the amounts we need; nuclear fission is judged to be too dangerous; the technical breakthrough toward nuclear fusion that we hoped for never took place; and solar batteries are too expensive to maintain on the earth's surface in sufficient quantity. Anyone older than ten can remember automobiles. They dwindled. At first the price of gasoline climbed --- way up. Finally, only the well-to-do drove, and that was too clear an indication that they were filthy rich, so any automobile that dared show itself on a city street was overturned and burned. Rationing was introduced to "equalize sacrifice", but every three months the ration was reduced. The cars just vanished and became part of the metal resource. There are many advantages, if you want to look for them. Our 1997 newspapers continually point them out. The air is cleaner and there seem to be fewer colds. Against most predictions, the crime rate has dropped. With the police car too expensive (and too easy a target), policemen are back on their beats. More important, the streets are full. Legs are king in the cities of 1997, and people walk everywhere far into the night. Even the parks are full, and there is mutual protection in crowds. If the weather isn't too cold, people sit out front. If it is hot, the open air is the only air conditioning they get. And at least the street lights still burn. Indoors, electricity is scarce, and few people can afford to keep lights burning after supper. As for the winter --- well, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of what furnace fuel is allowed hoarded for the dawn. But sweaters are popular indoor wear and showers are not an everyday luxury. Lukewarm sponge baths will do, and if the air is not always very fragrant in the human vicinity, the automobile fumes are gone. There is some consolation in the city that it is worse in the suburbs. The suburbs were born with the auto, lived with the auto, and are dying with the auto. One way out for the suburbanites is to form associations that assign turns to the procurement and distribution of food. Pushcarts creak from house to house along the posh suburban roads, and every bad snowstorm is a disaster. It isn't