《高级英语试卷》试题(一).doc_大学文库

escape from the pace he lived 42 and often deplored, from life's regularities and the 43 clamor for success Mark Twain suggested that an 44 was missing in the american ambition when he said What a robust people, what a nation of thinkers we might be, if we would only 45 ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges Personal tragedy 46 his entire life, in the deaths of loved ones: his father, dying of pneumonia when Sam was 12; his brother Henry, killed by a steamboat explosion; the death of his son,Langdon, 47 19 months. His eldest daughter, Susy, died of spinal meningitis, Mrs Clemens 48 to a heart attack in Florence, and youngest daughter, Jean, an epileptic, drowned in an upstairs bathtub Bitterness 49 on the man who had made the world laugh. The moralizing of his earli writing had been well 50 humor. Now the gloves came off with biting satire 41.A. founded B found C. made D. had 42. Aon C 43. A. energy-sapped B energy-sapping C energy-taking D. energy-taken 44. A instruction B examp C. instance D ingredient B I C play 46.A visited B haunted C frequented D. hunted 47.Aon B. in C. for D. at 8. a. was succum bed B. used C succeeded D. succumbed 49.A came B. relied D. freed 50.A. crowded with B padded with C teemed with D. swarmed with Ill Error Correction(10%) In the following passage there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Read the passage and correct the mistakes. If you change a word, cross it out and write the substitute in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put the insertion mark (" in the right place and write the word you want to add in the corresponding blank. If you delete a word, coss it out and put a slash m in the blank. Make your answers clear on the Answer Sheet. This is no time to moralize on the fools of countries and governments which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one, when united action they could have saved them selves and saved the world from this catastrophe. But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitlers blood-lust and the hateful appeal which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure I said there was another one deeper motive behind his outrage. He wishes 4 第4页共11页

第 4 页共 11 页 escape from the pace he lived ___42___ and often deplored, from life’s regularities and the ___43___ clamor for success. Mark Twain suggested that an ___44___ was missing in the American ambition when he said: “What a robust people, what a nation of thinkers we might be, if we would only ___45___ ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges.” Personal tragedy ___46___ his entire life, in the deaths of loved ones: his father, dying of pneumonia when Sam was 12; his brother Henry, killed by a steamboat explosion; the death of his son, Langdon, ___47___ 19 months. His eldest daughter, Susy, died of spinal meningitis, Mrs. Clemens ___48___ to a heart attack in Florence, and youngest daughter, Jean, an epileptic, drowned in an upstairs bathtub. Bitterness ___49__ on the man who had made the world laugh. The moralizing of his earlier writing had been well ___50___ humor. Now the gloves came off with biting satire. 41. A. founded B. found C. made D. had 42. A. on B. off C. to D. by 43. A. energy-sapped B. energy-sapping C. energy-taking D. energy-taken 44. A. instruction B. example C. instance D. ingredient 45. A. lie B. lay C. play D. repay 46. A. visited B. haunted C. frequented D. hunted 47. A. on B. in C. for D. at 48. A. was succumbed B. used C. succeeded D. succumbed 49. A. came B. relied C. fed D. freed 50. A. crowded with B. padded with C. teemed with D. swarmed with III Error Correction (10%) In the following passage there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Read the passage and correct the mistakes. If you change a word, cross it out and write the substitute in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put the insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the word you want to add in the corresponding blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Make your answers clear on the Answer Sheet. This is no time to moralize on the fools of countries and 1. ____________ governments which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one, when united action they could have saved them- 2. _____________ selves and saved the world from this catastrophe. But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitler’s blood-lust and the hateful appeals 3. ______________ which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure I said there was another one deeper motive behind his outrage. He wishes 4. ______________

0. He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant V Reading Comprehension(15%) P 1 Questions 1-8 Potash(the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis( the other being soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass or soap making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potash from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlers of the north American continent The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy of glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making. The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs were piled up and burned in the open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land for agriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recovered by the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts" to encourage the making of potash, beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of the substance What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss A. How it was made B. Its value as a product for C. How it differs from other expo D. Its importance in colonial North America 2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXCEPT 第6页共11页

第 6 页共 11 页 10. He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant. V Reading Comprehension (15%) Passage 1 Questions 1-8 Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass or soap making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potash from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlers of the North American continent. The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy of colonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for the glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making. The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs were piled up and burned in the open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash. In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land for agriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recovered by the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts "to encourage the making of potash," beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of the substance. 1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss? A. How it was made. B. Its value as a product for export. C. How it differs from other alkalis. D. Its importance in colonial North America. 2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXCEPT:

第 7 页共 11 页 A. They are alkalis. B. They are made from sea plants. C. They are used in making soap. D. They are used in making glass. 3. The word “interchangeable” in line 6 is closest in meaning to A. convenient. B. identifiable. C. equivalent. D. advantageous. 4. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda in colonial North America because A. the materials needed for making soda were not readily available. B. making potash required less time than making soda. C. potash was better than soda for making glass and soap. D. the colonial glassworks found soda more difficult to use. 5. According to paragraph 4, all of the following were needed for making potash EXCEPT A. wood. B. fire. C. sand. D. water. 6. The word “adjunct” in line 19 is closest in meaning to A. addition. B. answer. C. problem. D. possibility. 7. According to the passage, a major benefit of making potash was that A. it could be exported to Europe in exchange for other goods. B. it helped finance the creation of farms. C. it could be made with a variety of materials. D. it stimulated the development of new ways of glassmaking. 8. According to paragraph 5, the softwoods in the South posed which of the following problems for southern settlers? A. The softwoods were not very plentiful. B. The softwoods could not be used to build houses. C. The softwoods were not very marketable. D. The softwoods were not very useful for making potash. Passage 2 Questions 9-15 So it's 1997, and it's raining, and you'll have to walk to work again. The subways are crowded, and any given train breaks down one morning out of five. The buses are gone, and on a day like today the bicycles slosh and slide. Besides, you have only a mile and a half to go, and you have boots, raincoat and rain hat. And it's not a very cold rain, so why not? Lucky you have a job in demolition too. It's steady work. Slow and dirty, but steady. The fading structures of a decaying city are the great mineral mines and hardware shops of the nation

Break them down and reuse the parts. Coal is too difficult to dig up and transport to give us energy in the amounts we need; nuclear fission is judged to be too dangerous; the technical breakthrough toward nuclear fusion that we hoped for never took place; and solar batteries are too expensive to maintain on the earth's surface in sufficient quantity Anyone older than ten can remember automobiles. They dwindled. At first the price of ed --- way up. Finally, only the well-to-do drove, and that was too clear an ication that they were filthy rich, so any automobile that dared show itself on a city street was overturned and burned. Rationing was introduced to"equalize sacrifice", but every three months the ration was reduced. The cars just vanished and became part of the metal resource There are many advantages, if you want to look for them. Our 1997 newspapers continually int them out. The air is cleaner and there seem to be fewer colds. Against most predictions, the crime rate has dropped With the police car too expensive(and too easy a target), policemen are back on their beats. More important, the streets are full. Legs are king in the cities of 1997, and people walk everywhere far into the night. Even the parks are full, and there is mutual protection in crowds If the weather isn't too cold, people sit out front. If it is hot, the open air is the only ai conditioning they get. And at least the street lights still burn. Indoors, electricity is scarce, and few people can afford to keep lights burning after supper. As for the winter-- well, it is inconvenient be cold. with most of what furnace fuel is allowed hoarded for the dawn. but sweaters are popular indoor wear and showers are not an everyday luxury Lukewarm sponge baths will do and if the air is not al ways very fragrant in the human vicinity, the automobile fumes are gone There is some consolation in the city that it is worse in the suburbs. The suburbs were born with the auto, lived with the auto, and are dying with the auto. One way out for the suburbanites is to form associations that assign turns to the procurement and distribution of food Pushcarts creak from house to house along the posh suburban roads, and every bad snowstorm is a disaster. It isnt easy to hoard enough food to last till the roads are open. There is not much in the way of refrigeration except for the snow-banks, and then the dogs must be fought off. What energy is left cannot be directed into personal comfort. The nation must survive until new energy sources are found, so it is the railroads and subways that are receiving major attention The railroads must move the coal that is the immediate hope, and the subways can best move the people. And then, of course, energy must be conserved for agriculture. The great car factories make trucks and farm machinery almost exclusively. We can huddle together when there is a lack of warmth, fan ourselves should there be no cooling breeze, sleep or make love at such times there is a lack of light -- but nothing will for long ameliorate a lack of food. The American population isn't going up much any more, but the food supply must be kept high even though the prices and difficulty of distribution force each American to eat less. Food is needed for export so that we can pay for some trickle of oil and for other reso The rest of the world, of course, is not as lucky e are. Some cynics say that it is the 第8页共11页

第 8 页共 11 页 Break them down and reuse the parts. Coal is too difficult to dig up and transport to give us energy in the amounts we need; nuclear fission is judged to be too dangerous; the technical breakthrough toward nuclear fusion that we hoped for never took place; and solar batteries are too expensive to maintain on the earth's surface in sufficient quantity. Anyone older than ten can remember automobiles. They dwindled. At first the price of gasoline climbed --- way up. Finally, only the well-to-do drove, and that was too clear an indication that they were filthy rich, so any automobile that dared show itself on a city street was overturned and burned. Rationing was introduced to "equalize sacrifice", but every three months the ration was reduced. The cars just vanished and became part of the metal resource. There are many advantages, if you want to look for them. Our 1997 newspapers continually point them out. The air is cleaner and there seem to be fewer colds. Against most predictions, the crime rate has dropped. With the police car too expensive (and too easy a target), policemen are back on their beats. More important, the streets are full. Legs are king in the cities of 1997, and people walk everywhere far into the night. Even the parks are full, and there is mutual protection in crowds. If the weather isn't too cold, people sit out front. If it is hot, the open air is the only air conditioning they get. And at least the street lights still burn. Indoors, electricity is scarce, and few people can afford to keep lights burning after supper. As for the winter --- well, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of what furnace fuel is allowed hoarded for the dawn. But sweaters are popular indoor wear and showers are not an everyday luxury. Lukewarm sponge baths will do, and if the air is not always very fragrant in the human vicinity, the automobile fumes are gone. There is some consolation in the city that it is worse in the suburbs. The suburbs were born with the auto, lived with the auto, and are dying with the auto. One way out for the suburbanites is to form associations that assign turns to the procurement and distribution of food. Pushcarts creak from house to house along the posh suburban roads, and every bad snowstorm is a disaster. It isn't easy to hoard enough food to last till the roads are open. There is not much in the way of refrigeration except for the snow-banks, and then the dogs must be fought off. What energy is left cannot be directed into personal comfort. The nation must survive until new energy sources are found, so it is the railroads and subways that are receiving major attention. The railroads must move the coal that is the immediate hope, and the subways can best move the people. And then, of course, energy must be conserved for agriculture. The great car factories make trucks and farm machinery almost exclusively. We can huddle together when there is a lack of warmth, fan ourselves should there be no cooling breeze, sleep or make love at such times as there is a lack of light --- but nothing will for long ameliorate a lack of food. The American population isn't going up much any more, but the food supply must be kept high even though the prices and difficulty of distribution force each American to eat less. Food is needed for export so that we can pay for some trickle of oil and for other resources. The rest of the world, of course, is not as lucky as we are. Some cynics say that it is the

knowledge of this that helps keep America from despair. Theyre starving out there, because earth's population has continued to go up. The population on earth is 5.5 billion, and outside the United States and Europe, not more than one in five has enough to eat at any given time. All the statistics point to a rapidly declining rate of population increase, but that is coming about chiefly through a high infant mortality, the first and most helpless victims of starvation are babies, after their mothers have gone dry. A strong current of American opinion, as reflected in the newspapers (some of which still produce their daily eight pages of bad news), holds that it is just as well. It serves to reduce the population, doesn,'t it? Others point out that it's more than just starvation. There are those who manage to survive on barely enough to keep the body working, and that proves to be not enough for the brain It is estimated that there are now nearly 2 billion people in the world who are alive but who are permanently brain-damaged by under-nutrition, and the number is growing year by year. It has already occurred to some that it would be"realistic"to wipe them out quietly and rid the earth of an encumbering menace. The American newspapers of 1997 do not report that this is actually being done anywhere, but some travelers bring back horror tales At least the armies are gone---no one can afford to keep those expensive, energy-gobbling monstrosities. Some soldiers in uniform and with rifles are present in almost every still functioning nation, but only the United States and the Soviet Union can maintain a few tanks, planes, and ships ---which they dare not move for fear of biting into limited fuel reserves Energy continues to decline, and machines must be replaced by human muscle and beasts of burden. People are working longer hours and there is less leisure: but then, with electric lighting restricted, television for only three hours a night, movies three evenings a week, new books few and printed in small editions, what is there to do with leisure? Work, sleep and eating are the great trinity of 1997, and only the first two are guaranteed Where will it end? It must end in a return to the days before 1800, to the days before the fossil fuels powered a vast machine industry and technology. It must end in subsistence farming and in a world population reduced by starvation, disease and violence to less than a billion And what can we do to prevent all this now? Now? Almost nothing. If we had started 20 ears ago, that might have been another matter. If we had only started 50 years ago, it would have 9. Decide which of the following best states the main idea of the passage. A. The author makes pessimistic predictions of what would happen if the present rate of fuel consumption in the U.S. should remain uncontrolled B. By depicting the nightmarish life of Americans in 1997 resulting from the exhaustion of fossil fuels, the author draws attention to the gravity of the energy crisis and calls for mmediate action to prevent the possible occurrence of the nightmare 第9页共11页

第 9 页共 11 页 knowledge of this that helps keep America from despair. They're starving out there, because earth's population has continued to go up. The population on earth is 5.5 billion, and outside the United States and Europe, not more than one in five has enough to eat at any given time. All the statistics point to a rapidly declining rate of population increase, but that is coming about chiefly through a high infant mortality; the first and most helpless victims of starvation are babies, after their mothers have gone dry. A strong current of American opinion, as reflected in the newspapers (some of which still produce their daily eight pages of bad news), holds that it is just as well. It serves to reduce the population, doesn't it ? Others point out that it's more than just starvation. There are those who manage to survive on barely enough to keep the body working, and that proves to be not enough for the brain. It is estimated that there are now nearly 2 billion people in the world who are alive but who are permanently brain-damaged by under-nutrition, and the number is growing year by year. It has already occurred to some that it would be "realistic" to wipe them out quietly and rid the earth of an encumbering menace. The American newspapers of 1997 do not report that this is actually being done anywhere, but some travelers bring back horror tales. At least the armies are gone --- no one can afford to keep those expensive, energy-gobbling monstrosities. Some soldiers in uniform and with rifles are present in almost every still functioning nation, but only the United States and the Soviet Union can maintain a few tanks, planes, and ships --- which they dare not move for fear of biting into limited fuel reserves. Energy continues to decline, and machines must be replaced by human muscle and beasts of burden. People are working longer hours and there is less leisure: but then, with electric lighting restricted, television for only three hours a night, movies three evenings a week, new books few and printed in small editions, what is there to do with leisure? Work, sleep and eating are the great trinity of 1997, and only the first two are guaranteed. Where will it end? It must end in a return to the days before 1800, to the days before the fossil fuels powered a vast machine industry and technology. It must end in subsistence farming and in a world population reduced by starvation, disease and violence to less than a billion. And what can we do to prevent all this now? Now? Almost nothing. If we had started 20 years ago, that might have been another matter. If we had only started 50 years ago, it would have been easy. 9. Decide which of the following best states the main idea of the passage. A. The author makes pessimistic predictions of what would happen if the present rate of fuel consumption in the U.S. should remain uncontrolled. B. By depicting the nightmarish life of Americans in 1997 resulting from the exhaustion of fossil fuels, the author draws attention to the gravity of the energy crisis and calls for immediate action to prevent the possible occurrence of the nightmare