高级英语试题(七) . Explain the italicized words or phrases in the following sentences. (20%) 1. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai 2. The camels are the largest and finest I have ever seen, and in superb condition-mmuscular nd stately 3. Bargaining is the order of the day, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing and doing a little preliminary bargaining 4. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down repeatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect 5. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far eater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken. 6. The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had 7. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down repeatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect 8. The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all the way to the horicon 9. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing leet was now permanently docked 10. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress 11. Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? ding off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum 3. The Germans had invaded Russia on an enormous fiont, had surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the airfields, and seemed to be driving forward with 14. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play 16. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime 17. The important thing was to consider all eventualities 18. The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly 19. As the Duke of Croydon shifted uneasily, the house detective's bulbous countenance 20. Someday, there may well be a similar memorial to the unfulfilled prophecies of the creators of the latest breakthrough---interactivity Il. Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that has the closest meaning to the underlined word .(20%) 1. The glaring of the sun makes all stars invisible
高级英语试题（七） I. Explain the italicized words or phrases in the following sentences. (20%) 1. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, … 2. The camels are the largest and finest I have ever seen, and in superb condition—muscular, massive and stately. 3. Bargaining is the order of the day, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing and doing a little preliminary bargaining … 4. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down repeatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect. 5. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I’d previously taken. 6. The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. 7. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down repeatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect. 8. The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all the way to the horizon. 9. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing fleet was now permanently docked. 10. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. 11. Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? 12. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of. 13. The Germans had invaded Russia on an enormous front, had surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the airfields, and seemed to be driving forward with great rapidity and violence. 14. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play. 15. We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. 16. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. 17. The important thing was to consider all eventualities. 18. The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly. 19. As the Duke of Croydon shifted uneasily, the house detective’s bulbous countenance 20. Someday, there may well be a similar memorial to the unfulfilled prophecies of the creators of the latest breakthrough---interactivity. II. Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that has the closest meaning to the underlined word. (20%) 1. The glaring of the sun makes all stars invisible
shines d. hotness 2. His constant preoccupations with his health cant be normal a. Perplexity b. confu c. obsession 3. She had a firm conviction that her view could hold water a supposition belief 4. The recent archeological discovery attested the scientists speculation d. protested 5. The two countries have been in conflict for a score of years and there is unlikely between them a reconciliation d. retaliation 6. The wild and rampant spread of aids forced a vigorous war against the disease. a powerful b. lengthy The US launched military attacks on Iraq for the purpose of establishing its possession of weapons of mass destruction a. setting up b. building C. constructing 8. His head is teeming with bright ideas
a. coldness b. darkness c. brightness d. hotness 2. His constant preoccupations with his health can’t be normal. a. Perplexity b. confusion c. obsession d. puzzle 3. She had a firm conviction that her view could hold water. a. supposition b. belief c. convulsion d. assumption 4. The recent archeological discovery attested the scientists’ speculation . a. appealed b. sued c. confirmed d. protested 5. The two countries have been in conflict for a score of years and there is unlikely ____________ between them. a. reconciliation b. cooperation c. desperation d. retaliation 6. The wild and rampant spread of AIDS forced a vigorous war against the disease. a. powerful b. lengthy c. prolonged d. pretentious 7. The US launched military attacks on Iraq for the purpose of establishing its possession of weapons of mass destruction. a. setting up b. building c. constructing d. ascertaining 8. His head is teeming with bright ideas
a. abounds in b 9. The court met again after an adjournment of two weeks b 10. Police followed the would-be thieves and caught them red-handed c. attempted 11. Large amount of electricity is needed to operate air conditioners in sweltering summer 12. The community hospital enlisted the support of the local residents to keep it going lacked b. obtained 13. He won the election by an overwhelming majority of votes a. slim b scarce 14. Eighteen as she was, she was unable to live alone due to the frailties of her personality d experiences 15. The noise of the explosion penetrated the wall of the room collapsed
a. abounds in b. perishes in c. extinguishes with d. disposes of 9. The court met again after an adjournment of two weeks. a. continuation b. suspension c. accomplishment d. commencement 10. Police followed the would-be thieves and caught them red-handed. a. likely b. enraged c. attempted d. timid 11. Large amount of electricity is needed to operate air conditioners in sweltering summer. a. cool b. hot c. chilly d. mild 12. The community hospital enlisted the support of the local residents to keep it going. a. lacked b. obtained c. rejected d. yielded 13. He won the election by an overwhelming majority of votes. a. slim b. scarce c. large d. sparse 14. Eighteen as she was, she was unable to live alone due to the frailties of her personality. a. sophistication b. characteristics c. weaknesses d. experiences 15. The noise of the explosion penetrated the wall of the room. a. collapsed
b. cracked bypassed 16. It is a point of for us to maintain territorial integrity. b. duty c. honor d. obligation 17. They spent a lot of time feuding with their neighbors quarrelling ading d. negotiating 18. The High Court demanded that he interpret his involvement in the bribery scandal b present c account d acknowledge 19. On many of the previous occasions the Us trade negotiators would revert to the issue of Chinas human rights problems b reiterate d. reverse 20. People in the area still practice the customs of their father a. formulator b. advocate c. ancestors 21. Mr Johnson is to preside over this Asian-European ministerial meeting 22. She al ways a point of be b. advanced
b. cracked c. bypassed d. pierced 16. It is a point of __________ for us to maintain territorial integrity. a. responsibility b. duty c. honor d. obligation 17. They spent a lot of time feuding with their neighbors. a. chattering b. quarrelling c. trading d. negotiating 18. The High Court demanded that he interpret his involvement in the bribery scandal. a. verify b. present c. account d. acknowledge 19. On many of the previous occasions the US trade negotiators would revert to the issue of China’s human rights problems. a. reconsider b. reiterate c. restated d. reverse 20. People in the area still practice the customs of their fathers. a. formulator b. advocate c. ancestors d. plagiarizer 21. Mr. Johnson is to preside over this Asian-European ministerial meeting. a. declare b. prepare c. host d. supervise 22. She always _________ a point of being punctual. a. set b. advanced
made 23. She was extremely nervous at the prospect of her turn to make the presentation b. upon hearing of c at the request of d. at the thought of 24. His conscience impelled him to admit his part in the affair d. exhilarated 25. The committee is awaiting the chairman to give his assent to the proposal a rejection b view 26. After a decade of military conflicts the two parties finally faced each other at the bargaining b. negotiating quarrelling d. performing 27. They perceived the danger ahead and terminated the operation c. overlooked 28. No one knew what the army was doing; there was a veil of secrecy over their activities sign c. indication d bit 29. The remarks by leaders of the Taiwan authority met with scathing criticism from all sides b. static d
c. made d. insisted 23. She was extremely nervous at the prospect of her turn to make the presentation. a. on word of b. upon hearing of c. at the request of d. at the thought of 24. His conscience impelled him to admit his part in the affair. a. compelled b. discouraged c. exhausted d. exhilarated 25. The committee is awaiting the chairman to give his assent to the proposal. a. rejection b. view c. approval d. veto 26. After a decade of military conflicts the two parties finally faced each other at the bargaining table. a. purchasing b. negotiating c. quarrelling d. performing 27. They perceived the danger ahead and terminated the operation. a. realized b. ignored c. overlooked d. anticipated 28. No one knew what the army was doing; there was a veil of secrecy over their activities. a. cover b. sign c. indication d. bit 29. The remarks by leaders of the Taiwan authority met with scathing criticism from all sides a. bitter b. static c. dynamic
30. There were incessant demands for the resignation of the Georgian president from the office for his inefficient running of state affairs. 31. It is just conceivable that he'll win, but it's very unlikely really. I c. supposed presumed 32. The stalled Middle Eastern situation has arrested world attention d. empowered 33. Artificial diamond is indistinguishable from genuine one, but much cheaper differentiable from 34. Some government officials ublic funds and e them in an extravagant wa Ip over c. flunk out d. flirt with 35. The rule is only applicable to nationals of the country, as distinct from foreign visitors b. distinguished d. different 36. Violence erupted due to the loss of the home team b exploded blasted
d. gentle 30. There were incessant demands for the resignation of the Georgian president from the office for his inefficient running of state affairs. a. occasional b. temporary c. continuous d. intermittent 31. It is just conceivable that he’ll win, but it’s very unlikely really. \ a. expected b. imaginable c. supposed d. presumed 32. The stalled Middle Eastern situation has arrested world attention. a. caught b. seized c. occupied d. empowered 33. Artificial diamond is indistinguishable from genuine one, but much cheaper. a. differential in b. indifferent to c. differentiable from d. identical to 34. Some government officials ______ public funds and expend them in an extravagant way. a. flip over b. flit about c. flunk out d. flirt with 35. The rule is only applicable to nationals of the country, as distinct from foreign visitors. a. prominent b. distinguished c. distinguishable d. different 36. Violence erupted due to the loss of the home team. a. occurred b. exploded c. blasted d. burst
37. The Republican domination of congress meant President Clinton, a Democrat, was in a disadvantageous position in his policy making a. manipulation b. monopoly d. mediocrity 38. The film star has an incredible car in addition to a large house a terrible b incongruous c incredulous d unbelievable 39. This book gives a panorama of life in England 400 years ago a. generalization b. propagand c. publicity d. documentation 40. The news was such a shock that it still hasnt really sunk in yet a collapsed b. be d. been leaked IlL. Paraphrase(20%) 1. Young Mark Twain entered that world in 1857 as a cub pilot on a steamboat 2. Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of flotsam of hustlers, gambler 3. a buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering july day in 1925 4. After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his opening statement 5. He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant, and it is a mighty strong combination 6. All languages are dynamic rather than static, and hence a"rule"in any language can only b a statement of contemporary practice 7. Was i gypped by the landlord when he called the folding contraption that shuts off my kitchen 8. Pretty neat set-up you folks got 9. We ll show them a few tricks 10. Let's take this thing to court and test the legal ity of it IV. Reading comprehension(20%)
37. The Republican domination of congress meant President Clinton, a Democrat, was in a disadvantageous position in his policy making. a. manipulation b. monopoly c. legislation d. mediocrity 38. The film star has an incredible car in addition to a large house. a. terrible b. incongruous c. incredulous d. unbelievable 39. This book gives a panorama of life in England 400 years ago. a. generalization b. propaganda c. publicity d. documentation 40. The news was such a shock that it still hasn’t really sunk in yet. a. collapsed b. been comprehended c. been soaked d. been leaked III. Paraphrase (20%) 1. Young Mark Twain entered that world in 1857 as a cub pilot on a steamboat. 2. Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. 3. A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. 4. After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his opening statement. 5. He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant, and it is a mighty strong combination. 6. All languages are dynamic rather than static, and hence a “rule” in any language can only be a statement of contemporary practice. 7. Was I gypped by the landlord when he called the folding contraption that shuts off my kitchen a door? 8. Pretty neat set-up you folks got. 9. We’ll show them a few tricks. 10. Let’s take this thing to court and test the legality of it. IV. Reading comprehension (20%)
P the time we are born, most of the simple decisions are taken away from us. We are later when you're hungry. These experiences mould the child into the ways of society rather than allowing it to grow up relatively free from social constraints. The mealtime example serves to underline the conditions under which children are born and bred to conform to the ways of society and the group. By its very nature society is inherently hostile to individuality. It has an inbuilt esistance to allowing the individual to flower in his or her own way All social institutions, whether medical, religious, social or economic, demand a high degree of mental conformity as the price of membership. By the age of around seven most children are already indoctrinated(灌输) into a conformist(墨守成规者)mode. Whilst there are certainly advantages to social conformity, there is also a price that is not immediately apparent. In internalizing and adopting society's conceptual models and structures, the individual is induced into acting in violation of his own nature Society conditions(fil 2)us to such an extent that we tend to conform not only in the way that we think, but also in the way that we live, especially with regard to eating habits. Instead of discovering our uniqueness and living according to our own inner dictates(指示,命令, most of us follow instead the dictates of parents, politicians, clergy, the media and peer groups. In obeying these external voices which may even be the original cause of some of our worst ilInesses-we deny our essential nature I. Why are most of the simple decisions taken away from us since we are born A. We have to obey parents in order to get food B. Social constrains prevent us fiom developing individuality C. We have to obey nature so as to grow up healthily. D. The ways of society and the group encourage us to behave like our parents 2. Which of the following does not belong to the " external voices "described by the author? B. Internet C. loud speaker D 3. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? lf we don t follow our basic nature, we may even get sick. Social institutions allow us to flower in our own way We pay high price to have a better life in modern society At mealtime, we eat as much as possible in case we get hungry later 4. Which of the following statement is NoT true? A. We learn to adopt social concepts from early age To some extent social conformity is C. We need to fight against our own nature to get used to society D. Ifwe don i listen to our parents, we may get worst illnesses 5. What does the word"uniqueness"in the last paragraph mean? dli∥
Passage one From the time we are born, most of the simple decisions are taken away from us. We are constantly told what to do and what not to do. In childhood, how often have we not at some stage heard, “Eat your dinner now, because it’s dinner time. If you don’t eat it now, don’t ask for food later when you’re hungry.” These experiences mould the child into the ways of society rather than allowing it to grow up relatively free from social constraints. The mealtime example serves to underline the conditions under which children are born and bred to conform to the ways of society and the group. By its very nature society is inherently hostile to individuality. It has an inbuilt resistance to allowing the individual to flower in his or her own way. All social institutions, whether medical, religious, social or economic, demand a high degree of mental conformity as the price of membership. By the age of around seven most children are already indoctrinated (灌输) into a conformist (墨守成规者) mode. Whilst there are certainly advantages to social conformity, there is also a price that is not immediately apparent. In internalizing and adopting society’s conceptual models and structures, the individual is induced into acting in violation of his own nature. Society conditions (制约) us to such an extent that we tend to conform not only in the way that we think, but also in the way that we live, especially with regard to eating habits. Instead of discovering our uniqueness and living according to our own inner dictates (指示，命令), most of us follow instead the dictates of parents, politicians, clergy, the media and peer groups. In obeying these external voices— which may even be the original cause of some of our worst illnesses — we deny our essential nature. 1. Why are most of the simple decisions taken away from us since we are born? A. We have to obey parents in order to get food. B. Social constrains prevent us from developing individuality. C. We have to obey nature so as to grow up healthily. D. The ways of society and the group encourage us to behave like our parents. 2. Which of the following does not belong to the “external voices” described by the author? A. friends B. Internet C. loud speaker D. priests 3. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? If we don’t follow our basic nature, we may even get sick. Social institutions allow us to flower in our own way. We pay high price to have a better life in modern society. At mealtime, we eat as much as possible in case we get hungry later. 4. Which of the following statement is NOT true? A. We learn to adopt social concepts from early age. B. To some extent social conformity is necessary. C. We need to fight against our own nature to get used to society. D. If we don’t listen to our parents, we may get worst illnesses. 5. What does the word “uniqueness” in the last paragraph mean? commonness difference
Two Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren o have problems seeing, hearing speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent of th udents aged 3-21 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a egular education program. Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways mentally retarded, learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped,or other health impairments The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging. A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire infomation, repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and an indefatigable consistency(持之以恒) on the part of the Interactive videodisc courseware has characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges that special education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient, repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program Most important, according to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona, disc "adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphic representations". Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative language and higher order language concepts. He believes that for special education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted by non-handicapped persons. Complex figurativ language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners, but basic concepts such as"before and after"are also difficult for children 6. The special education mentioned in the text mainly focuses on students who are fond of computer video games teachers of language in the University of Arizona students who are either mentally or physically disabled 7. a videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because A. its fancy design is very attractive B. it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudy C. the content of it is healthy and promising D. it is developed by university professors 8. According to Professor Healey we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps A. need graphic representations in order to understand higher order language concepts B. are good at study English idioms but often fail to grasp higher order language concepts C. are not very patient with videodisc which helps them to understand the world concepts
similarity singleness Passage Two Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing, hearing, speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent of the students aged 3—21 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program. Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways: mentally retarded, learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, or other health impairments. The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging. A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information, repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and an indefatigable consistency (持之以恒) on the part of the teacher is frequently necessary. Interactive videodisc courseware has characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges that special education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient, repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program. Most important, according to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona, is that videodisc “adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphic representations”. Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative language and higher order language concepts. He believes that for special education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted by non-handicapped persons. Complex figurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners, but basic concepts such as “before and after” are also difficult for children not experienced with the nuances of language. 6. The special education mentioned in the text mainly focuses on _____. genius students from daycare center to college students who are fond of computer video games teachers of language in the University of Arizona students who are either mentally or physically disabled 7. A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because _____. A. its fancy design is very attractive B. it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudy C. the content of it is healthy and promising D. it is developed by university professors 8. According to Professor Healey we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps ____. A. need graphic representations in order to understand higher order language concepts B. are good at study English idioms but often fail to grasp higher order language concepts C. are not very patient with videodisc which helps them to understand the world concepts
D. tend to be deaf as well and have difficult to learn simple concept"before and after 9 The best title for the text is A Handicapped Students and Their problems B Videodisc and Special Education C. Computer Assisted Teaching Program D. Normal Children And Handicapped Kids 10. The word"impairment "in the first paragraph probably means A. habit B. disability C. misconception d. belief Passage Three For centuries man dreamed of achieving vertical flight. In 400 AD Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as the spinning stopped. Leonardo da Vinci thought of the first mechanical device, called a"Helix", which could carry a man straight but this was only a design and was never tested The ancient dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian, an aeronautical engineer piloted a strange-looking device of steel with a spinning fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. That vehicle was called a helicopter Imaginations were fired Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopter Every man would have one in his backyard People wished that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers, as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled The helicopter has now become an extremely versatile machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other airplanes cannot go Companies use them as airborne offices, many large cities use them in police work construction companies employ them in various advantageous ways surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their many other uses, they deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons l1. What is a helicopter according to the passage? A. An aircraft that can go faster than the ordinary airplane B. An aircraft that can fit into the smallest possible place C. An aircraft that can fly vertically D. An aircraft that is used only for commercial service 12. What is said about the development of the helicopter? A. Some people thought they would become widely used by the average individual. B. Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940 C. An Englishman was the first to achieve flight in a helicopter 13. Under what conditions are helicopters found to be almost indispensable s D. Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplane
D. tend to be deaf as well and have difficult to learn simple concept “before and after” 9 The best title for the text is ____. A. Handicapped Students and Their problems B. Videodisc and Special Education C. Computer Assisted Teaching Program D. Normal Children And Handicapped Kids 10. The word “impairment” in the first paragraph probably means ____. A. habit B. disability C. misconception D. belief Passage Three For centuries man dreamed of achieving vertical flight. In 400 AD Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as the spinning stopped. Leonardo da Vinci thought of the first mechanical device, called a “Helix”, which could carry a man straight up, but this was only a design and was never tested. The ancient dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian, an aeronautical engineer, piloted a strange-looking device of steel with a spinning fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. That vehicle was called a helicopter. Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopter. Every man would have one in his backyard. People wished that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers, as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled. The helicopter has now become an extremely versatile machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other airplanes cannot go. Companies use them as airborne offices, many large cities use them in police work, construction companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their many other uses, they deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons. 11. What is a helicopter according to the passage? A. An aircraft that can go faster than the ordinary airplane. B. An aircraft that can fit into the smallest possible place. C. An aircraft that can fly vertically. D. An aircraft that is used only for commercial service. 12. What is said about the development of the helicopter? A. Some people thought they would become widely used by the average individual. B. Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940. C. An Englishman was the first to achieve flight in a helicopter. D. Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes. 13. Under what conditions are helicopters found to be almost indispensable?
