病因(Etiologe) Primery Glomerular Diseases (60%) Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis *Tubulointerstitial Diseases chronic pyelonephritis chronic interstitialnephritis Polycystic Kidney Disease SLE

一、上尿路感染(肾盂肾炎) 二、下尿路感染(膀胱炎)

DEFINITIONS AND INCIDENCE Acute renal failure (ARF) is a syndrome characterized by rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and retention of nitrogenous waste products such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

一 、概述: Summary 十二指肠溃疡 Duodenal ulcer,Du 胃溃疡 Gastric ulcer, Gu

1.风湿性疾病 英: rheumatic diseases 日:宀了千性疾患 2.弥漫性结缔组织病 yi: diffuse connective tissue diseases dCtD 日:广泛性结合组织病

1.RA的基本病理改变是什么? 2.RA慢性期有何病理改变?此期关节炎有何表现?

Concept: systemic blood pressure increased, target organ damaged (brain, heart, eye, kidney, vessel), metabolism changed 线· Essential hypertension(ET: un known cause, 95%, hypertensive disease. Secondary hypertension(ST): known cause, 1 5%

Objective 1.Mastering clinical manifestation ,diagnosis and management of heart failure 2.Grasping causes,pathophysiology of heart failure 3. Understanding classification and investigation of heart failure

Background of asthma Prevalence in the world: 1.6 hundred million in China:1-3 in Shenyang: 1.24 %(1999) GINA: Global Initiative for Asthma(1994) WHO/HLBI Bronchial asthmatic diagnosis guideline (1997) Chinese medical academy