Robot / Human Comparisons (how inhumane) Table I presents some of the elements of robotic and animal movement systems neatly compared for your viewing pleasure. Table I. Comparison of Movement Control Systems in the Robot and Human

Part II Musculoskeletal Dynamics

Outline Review of Muscle Contraction – From AP generation to contraction of fibers – Muscle proprioceptors (spindles and Golgi tendons) – Afferent and efferent axons

overshoot when the conflict stimulus is tumed off. The slow humoral information transmission. If so, a search for the ath block nom her gain (by a fact the fast path, and at the beginning of notionally th Slow path output act

Motion sickness: a synthesis and evaluation of the sensory conflict theor Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachuserrs Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A Received December 15. 1988 M. 1990. Motion sickness: a synthesis and evaluation of the sensory conflict theory. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol erebral ischemia

Cardiovascular Problems Associated with Space FlightOrthostatic Intolerance upon Re-entry

Raphan T, Matsuo V, Cohen B (1979). Velocity storage in the vestibulo-ocular reflex arc (VOR). Experimental Brain Research 35:229-248. Henn V, Cohen B, Young LR (1980). Visual-vestibular interaction in motion perception and the generation of nystagmus

In weightlessness, “down” cues from the inner ear otolith organs are absent. Astronauts are thought to rely more heavily on vision. Many astronauts perceive a “subjective vertical”. When it changes direction, it can cause disorientation and motion sickness

一、惯性定律与惯性系 任何物体只要不受其它物体的作用，都将保 持静止或匀速直线运动状态。这一规律称为惯性 定律，又称为Newton first law。 惯性定律在其中严格成立的参考系，称为惯 性参考系，简称为惯性系。否则称为非惯性系。 实验表明，太阳是个较好的惯性系，地球是 个近似的惯性系

第一讲 哲学思潮 哲学：时代的自我意识，时 代精神的精华（马克思）。 为天地立心，为生民立命， 为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平 （张载）