1.购买产品 2.售卖产品 3.产品市场 4.得到货币 5.支付货币

Structure Definition Consumption externality Production externality The tragedy of commons

Structure The cost minimization problem Average costs Returns to scale and total and average costs Short run and long run costs

Revealed Preference Analysis Suppose we observe the demands (consumption choices) that a consumer makes for different budgets. This reveals information about the consumer's preferences. We can use this information to

Structure Rational constrained choice Computing ordinary demands Interior solution内在解) Corner solution(角点解) “Kinky\ solution Example: Choosing taxes

Structure When to sell an asset? -rate-of -return- Arbitrage Taxation of asset returns Depletable resources Financial intermediaries

Main Issue Mean-Variance Utility Budget Constraints for Risky Assets Measuring Risk Capital Asset Pricing Model

Main Issue A state-contingent consumption plan Preferences Under Uncertainty and Expected utility Risk-aversion, risk-loving, and risk￾neutrality Competitive Insurance

Assets An asset is a commodity that provides a flow of services over time. E.g. a house, or a computer. A financial asset provides a flow of money over time -- a security

一、市场类型的比较 二、垄断行业的含义 三、垄断力量的来源