1915-1918, taught at Northwestern Uni., At which time he was released for “lack of teaching success”, but more likely it was because of his pacifism during wartime

Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology before1900,studied law,philosophy. 1901-1904,studied psychology and philosophy at the universities of Prague, Berlin. 1904, received Ph.D. at Würzbur

5.1 About GestaltPsychology The founder ofGestalt psychology: Max Wertheimer(1880-1943)

Born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. Received bachelor’s degree in Hamilton College in New York, majored in English literature. He decided to be a writer.(influenced by Robert Frost)

Received bachelor’s degree in Hamilton College in New York, majored in English literature. He decided to be a writer.(influenced by Robert Frost)

4.2.1 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov:Sep.14, 1849 – Feb.27, 1936 Place of birth: Ryazan (Russia) Education: Studied medicine at St. Petersburg (Russia)

4.1.1 Edward Lee Thorndyke:1874-1949, American educational psychologist. 1891-1895,studied English literature in Wesleyan University

Anything that can be learned from direct experience can also be learned by indirect or vicarious experience

Are they instances of learning? (1) A young child takes his first steps. (2) An adolescent male feels a strong attraction tocertain females. (3) A child feels anxious when he sees the doctorcoming with a needle

4.1 Thorndike’s Connectionism 4.1.1 Edward Lee Thorndike:1874-1949, American educational psychologist. 1891-1895,studied English literature in Wesleyan University. 1895-1897,studied psychology in Harvard Unviversity.(James) 1897-1898, studied in Columbia University, and got his PH.D.(Kattel)