一、工程学及其与基础科学的关系 人类的一切科学活动不外乎有两个目的：一是认识自然，一是适应自然、保护自然 和改造自然。前者对应着自然科学中的基础科学，也称为理学，后者则对应着自然科学 中的工程技术科学，也称为工程学或工学；工程学和基础科学之间的这种目的的差异是 它们相互区别的根本所在，也反应了这二大学科的变质所在

Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes and air emissions. The liquid waste-wastewater, is essentially the water supply of the community after it has been used in a variety of applications. From the standpoint of sources of generation, wastewater may be defined as a combination of the liquid or water-carried wastes removed from residences

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are liquids or solids that contain organic carbon (carbon bonded to carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, or sulfur, but not carbonate carbon as in CaCO3 nor carbide carbon as in CaC2 or CO or CO2), which vaporize at significant rates. VOCs are probably the second-most widespread and diverse class of emissions after particulates

Solid wastes comprise all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and that are discarded as useless or unwanted. The term solid waste as used in this text is all-inclusive, encompassing the heterogeneous mass of throwaways from the urban community as well as the more homogeneous accumulation of agricultural, industrial

The control of particulates and VOCs is mostly accomplished by physical processes (cyclones, ESPs, filters, leakage control, vapor capture, condensation) that do not involve changing the chemical nature of the pollutant. Some particles and VOCs are chemically changed into harmless materials by combustion. This chapter and the next concern pollutants--sulfur oxides and nitrogen

The first three types of control devices we consider--gravity settlers, cyclone separators, and electrostatic precipitators--all function by driving the particles to a solid wall, where they adhere to each other to form agglomerates that can be removed from the collection device and disposed of

7-1 Introduction to the Activated-Sludge Process Historical Development Experiments conducted at the Lawrence Experiment Station during 1912 and 1913 by Clark and Gage With air input into wastewater, growths of organisms could be cultivated in bottles and in tanks partially filled with roofing slate spaced about 25 mm (1 in) apart and would greatly increase the degree of purification

一、概况 我国东南某印染厂日排放综合工业污水为 1000 吨/天，其中生产废水 800 吨/天，总变化系数 K 总 1为 1.5，生活污水 200 吨/天，总变化系 数 K 总 2为 1.3

一、概况 我国西南某市规划建设城市污水处理厂，建设用地及其地形情况如下 图所示(尺寸单位：cm；标高单位：m)： 距建设用地南侧约 400 m 处现有 10 kv 的高压输电干线。另外，建设 用地北侧规划建设一条宽 60 m 的城郊公路

Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes and air emissions. The liquid waste-wastewater is essentially the water supply of the community after it has been used in a variety of applications. From the standpoint of sources of generation, wastewater may be defined as a combination of the liquid or water-carried wastes removed from residences. institutions and commercial and industrial establishments together with such groundwater