一、蛋白质的降解 二、氨基酸的分解代谢 三、尿素的形成 四、氨基酸碳骨架的氧化途径 五、生糖氨基酸和生酮氨基酸 六、由氨基酸衍生的其他重要物质 七、氨基酸代谢缺陷症

动植物检验检疫是食品质量与安全专业的一门专业选修课。它是以生物学、化学保护等 为基础,融合了法律的内容。它属于国家或地区农业安全生产、国民经济发展、为保障人们 生活及生命需要服务的学科领域。学习本课程的主要任务是掌握动植物检疫病害的识别、鉴 定、和处理技术。本课程系统介绍国家颁布的出入境检疫法规,病原真菌、细菌、病毒、线 虫等检验技术,检疫病虫的特征

一、脂质的消化、吸收和传送 二、脂肪酸的氧化 三、不饱和脂肪酸的氧化 四、酮体 五、磷脂的代谢 六、鞘脂类的代谢 七、甾醇的代谢 八、脂肪酸代谢的调节

1. Proteins are extremely versatile in function and crucial in virtually all biological processes. 1.1 Almost all chemical reactions occurring in living organisms are catalyzed by enzymes. 1.1.1 Many thousands of enzymes have been discovered, each catalyzing a different kind of chemical reaction

1. Lipids encompass a large and diverse group of organic compounds 1.1 Lipids are broadly defined as biological molecules that are soluble in organic solvents. 1.1.1 Lipids are usually extracted from biological materials by nonpolar solvents like ether, chloroform(氯仿), benzene(苯). 1.2 The biological functions of lipids are diverse. 1.2.1 Certain lipids(e.g., triacylglycerols(三脂酰甘油), commonly called fats) serve as efficient reserves for the storage of energy

1. The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are polymers of nucleotide units 1.1 DNA consists of four kinds of deoxyribonucleotide units linked together through covalent bonds 1.1.1 Each nucleotide unit is made of a nitrogenous base (the various part in the four different deoxyribonucleotides), a pentose sugar and a phosphate group

1. Hemoglobin is a multisubunit allosteric rotein that carries 02 in erythrocyte. 1.1 Hemoglobin is a well-studied and well-understood protein. 1.1.1 It was one of the first proteins to have its molecular mass accurately determined. 1.1.2 The first protein to be characterized by ultracentrifuge. 1.1.3 The first protein to be associated with a specific physiological function

1. Early studies on the peptide(protein) structure 1.1 The peptide(o=c-n-h) bond was found to be shorter than the C-N bond in a simple amine and atoms attached are coplanar. 1.1.1 This was revealed by X-ray diffraction studies of amino acids and of simple dipeptides and tripeptides

1. Carbohydrates are aldehyde or ketone compounds with multiple hydroxyl groups or substances that can yield such compounds on hydrolysis(p. 293) 1.1 Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules on earth and have multiple roles in all forms of life. 1.1.1 Carbohydrates serve as energy stores (e.g., starch in plants, glycogen in animals), fuels (e.g., glucose), and metabolic intermediates (e.., ATP, many coenzymes)

蛋白质与多肽一样,能够发生两性离解 1也有等电点。在等电点时(Isoelectric 蛋 point pl),蛋白质的溶解度最小,在电 场中不移动。 在不同的H环境下,蛋白质的电学性质 不同。在外液pH低于等电点的溶液中, 蛋白质粒子带正电荷,在电场中向负极 移动;在外液pH高于等电点的溶液中, 蛋白质粒子带负电荷,在电场中向正极 移动。这种现象称为蛋白质电泳- (Electrophoresis)带电粒子在电场中移 动的现象