Chapter 9 Nucleotides and Nucleic acids
Chapter 9 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are polymers of v) 1. The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nucleotide units 1.1 DNA consists of four kinds of deoxyribonucleotide units linked together through covalent bonds 1.1.1 Each nucleotide unit is made of a nitrogenous base(the various part in the four different deoxyribonucleotides), a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group
1. The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are polymers of nucleotide units 1.1 DNA consists of four kinds of deoxyribonucleotide units linked together through covalent bonds 1.1.1 Each nucleotide unit is made of a nitrogenous base (the various part in the four different deoxyribonucleotides), a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group
base can be adenine 1.1.2 The nitrogenouS), or thymine(t) (A), guanine(G), cytosine (uracil(U)in RNA). 1.1.3 The nitrogenous bases are derivatives of two parent compounds, pyrimidine and purine
1.1.2 The nitrogenous base can be adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) (uracil (U) in RNA). 1.1.3 The nitrogenous bases are derivatives of two parent compounds, pyrimidine and purine
1.1.4 The carbon and nitrogen atoms in the pyrimidine and purine rings are numbered. (tig) 1. 1. 5 The pentose in a deoxyribonucleotide is a position that is present in riloxygen atom at the 2- deoxyribose, which lacks an bose, the parent compound. (the numbering of the sugar ring). 1. 1. 6 The deoxyribose is in its B-furanose form (a closed five-member ring). 1.1.7 Only D-deoxyribose(the asymmetric carbon farthest to the carbonyl group has the same configuration as D-glyceraldehyde) is found in DNA
1.1.4 The carbon and nitrogen atoms in the pyrimidine and purine rings are numbered. (fig.) 1.1.5 The pentose in a deoxyribonucleotide is a deoxyribose, which lacks an oxygen atom at the 2’- position that is present in ribose, the parent compound. (the numbering of the sugar ring). 1.1.6 The deoxyribose is in its b-furanose form (a closed five-member ring). 1.1.7 Only D-deoxyribose (the asymmetric carbon farthest to the carbonyl group has the same configuration as D-glyceraldehyde) is found in DNA
1.1.8 Each pyrimidine is covalently linked (through a N-glycosidic bond) to the 1 carbon of the deoxyribose at N-l of the pyrimidine, and each purine is covalently linked to the l carbon of the deoxyribose at n-9 of the purine. 1.1.9 The configuration of this n-glycosidic bond is b, where the base lies on the same side of the furanose ring as the 5 carbon
1.1.8 Each pyrimidine is covalently linked (through a N-glycosidic bond) to the 1’ carbon of the deoxyribose at N-1 of the pyrimidine, and each purine is covalently linked to the 1’ carbon of the deoxyribose at N-9 of the purine. 1.1.9 The configuration of this N-glycosidic bond is b, where the base lies on the same side of the furanose ring as the 5’ carbon
1.1.10 The phosphate group is esterified to the-OH group on the 5 carbon of the deoxyribose rin g l..11A nucleotide lacking the phosphate part is called a nucleoside. 1.1.12 The four nucleoside units in dna are called deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxythymidine, and deoxycytidine. 1.1.2 The nitrogenous base can be adenine (A), guanine(G), cytosine(C), or thymine(T) (uracil (U) in RNA
1.1.10 The phosphate group is esterified to the -OH group on the 5’ carbon of the deoxyribose ring. 1.1.11 A nucleotide lacking the phosphate part is called a nucleoside. 1.1.12 The four nucleoside units in DNA are called deoxyadenosine, deoxyquanosine, deoxythymidine, and deoxycytidine. 1.1.2 The nitrogenous base can be adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) (uracil (U) in RNA)
11.13 The four nucleotide units in dna are called deoxyadenine 5-monophosphate(dAMP, or deoxyadenylate), deoxyguanosine 5 monophosphate(dGMP, or deoxyguanylate), deoxythymidine 5-monophosphatedTMP, or deoxythymidylate), and deoxycytidine 5 monophosphate(dcMP, or deoxycytidylate)
1.1.13 The four nucleotide units in DNA are called deoxyadensine 5’-monophosphate (dAMP, or deoxyadenylate), deoxyguanosine 5’- monophosphate (dGMP, or deoxyguanylate), deoxythymidine 5’-monophosphate (dTMP, or deoxythymidylate), and deoxycytidine 5’- monophosphate (dCMP, or deoxycytidylate)
1.2 RNA also consists of four different kinds of ribonucleotides 1.2.1 Each ribonucleotide unit is also made of three parts: a nitrogenous base, a pentose, and a phosphate group. 1.2.2 The base part is adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil. 1.2.3 Uracil exists only in RNA, and thymine only in DNA
1.2 RNA also consists of four different kinds of ribonucleotides. 1.2.1 Each ribonucleotide unit is also made of three parts: a nitrogenous base, a pentose, and a phosphate group. 1.2.2 The base part is adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil. 1.2.3 Uracil exists only in RNA, and thymine only in DNA
1. 2. 4 The pentose part is a ribose (without being deoxygenated at the2’ position)inisβ- furanose form(as deoxyribose in deoxyribonucleotides). 1.2.5 The bases and the phosphate group are covalently linked to the ribose ring in the same ways as in deoxyribonucleotides 1.2. 6 The four nucleoside units in rna are called adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine (without deoxy- suffix); and the nucleotide units are amp gmp cmp and ump
1.2.4 The pentose part is a ribose (without being deoxygenated at the 2’ position) in its bfuranose form (as deoxyribose in deoxyribonucleotides). 1.2.5 The bases and the phosphate group are covalently linked to the ribose ring in the same ways as in deoxyribonucleotides. 1.2.6 The four nucleoside units in RNA are called adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine (without deoxy- suffix); and the nucleotide units are AMP, GMP, CMP, and UMP
Figure 10-1 P urine or pyrimidine base Phosphate0-P-0--CH2 O O 4'KH pEntose H H 2 OH OH (a)
Figure 10-1