Anything that can be learned from direct experience can also be learned by indirect or vicarious experience

Development refers to the ways people grow, adapt, and change during their lifetimes. physical development, personality development, socioemotional development, cognitive development(thinking), and language development

The foundation of E.P.: before 1920s Wundt,1879: methodology James, “Talks to the teachers” 1899; “The principles of psychology”1890; Dewey: apply psychology to education

1918-1959, worked at Uni. of California. His stay at Uni. of California was interrupted, when he was dismissed for refusing to sign a loyalty oath. He led a fight against the loyalty oath as an infringement （违反，侵害） on academic freedom and was

Wertheimer came to the United States in 1933, shortly before the Nazis seized power in Germany

“If I had to reduce all educational psychology just one principle, I would say this: The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly

The primary purpose of school is to give students the skills and knowledge necessary for them to function effectively as adults in reality

Moral development is the process by which individuals acquire a sense of right and wrong, to use in evaluating their own actions and the actions of others

1 Acronyms and Acrostics: (for information involving key words) An acronym is an invented combination of letters. Each letter is a cue to an idea you need to remember. Example: BRASS is an acronym for how to shoot a rifle--Breath, Relax, Aim, Sight, Squeeze

一. 基本原理； 二. PDF卡片； 三. PDF卡片索引； 四. 分析方法； 五.计算机自动检索