“If I had to reduce all educational psychology just one principle, I would say this: The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly

本书是教育部“高等师范教育面向21世纪教学内容和课程体系改革计划”(简称“高师教学改革计划”)立项项目《高等师范公共心理学课程整体改革的研究与实践》(编号JS075B)研究成果之一，同时也是安徽省教育厅高校教学研究项目《高等师范公共必修心理学课程整体改革实验研究》成果之一，作为教育部规划的“面向21世纪课程教材”，必须面向21世纪的教育发展，为培养21世纪的一代新人服务

Development refers to the ways people grow, adapt, and change during their lifetimes. physical development, personality development, socioemotional development, cognitive development(thinking), and language development

Received bachelor’s degree in Hamilton College in New York, majored in English literature. He decided to be a writer.(influenced by Robert Frost)

Received bachelor’s degree in Hamilton College in New York, majored in English literature. He decided to be a writer.(influenced by Robert Frost)

Affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg (Professor from 1890; Director from 1902); Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg Worked on the physiology of circulation and digestion In 1904,he won Nobel Prize for his work on the physiology of digestion

Thorndike called the association between sense impressions and impulses to action a bond or a connection. This marked the first formal attempt to link sensory events to behavior. Earlier brands of associationism attempted to show how ideas became linked together; thus Thorndike's

Anything that can be learned from direct experience can also be learned by indirect or vicarious experience

《心理学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）第八章 意志

The foundation of E.P.: before 1920s Wundt,1879: methodology James, “Talks to the teachers” 1899; “The principles of psychology”1890; Dewey: apply psychology to education