5.1 Edward Chace Tolman (1886-1959) Born in Newton,Massachusetts. Received his B.S.degree fromthe Mass.institutes of Technology inelectrochemistry in 1911

5.1 About GestaltPsychology The founder ofGestalt psychology: Max Wertheimer(1880-1943)

“If I had to reduce all educational psychology just one principle, I would say this: The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly

4.3.1 Burrhus FredericSkinner:1904-1990 Born in Susquehanna,Pennsylvania. Received bachelor’s degreein Hamilton College in New York, majored in Englishliterature. He decided to be a writer.(influenced by RobertFrost)

4.2.1 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov:Sep.14, 1849 – Feb.27, 1936 ＊Place of birth: Ryazan (Russia) ＊ Education: Studied medicine at St. Petersburg (Russia)

大连工业大学：优化学科和队伍结构、提升科研整体实力推动高质量发展（PPT讲稿）

国家开放大学：2013—2014学年第一学期“开放专科”护理学专业医护心理学期末试题（1月）

Anything that can be learned from direct experience can also be learned by indirect or vicarious experience

国家开放大学：2012—2013学年第一学期“开放专科”护理学专业医护心理学期末试题（1月）

3.1 A brief history of western E.P. The foundation of E.P.: before 1920s Wundt,1879: methodology James, “Talks to the teachers” 1899; “The principles of psychology”1890; Dewey: apply psychology to education